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  • Transformational leadership is utilized in higher education administration. Human interaction which is stressed in transformational leadership, impacts a leader's ability to meet the demands of faculty.
  • "Learner-centered approach to education matches the concepts of transformational leadership.
  • The adaptive nature of transformational leadership is appropriate for meeting the challenges of the ever-changing demands of an evolving educational sector.
  • Transformational leadership is about change and institutions of higher education are becoming increasingly important agents of change.

(Black, 2015)

  • Servant leadership is prominent in the field of academic advising.
  • Servant leaders as advisors seek to build rapport with students and earn their trust through empathy and understanding.
  • Educators practice servant leadership by helping students recover from hardship using techniques such as goal setting and degree planning.
  • Advisors practicing servant leadership will share the decision-making process with students

(Paul & Fitzpatrick, 2015)

Transformational vs. Servant Leadership

Brandon Chappell

Angelo State University

Servant Leadership

Transformational Leadership

Servant Leadership

Transformational Leadership

Servant leaders emphasize the growth and development of followers (Paul & Fitzpatrick, 2015). The skills of the servant leader are used for the purpose of serving others (Johnson, Grazulis, & White, 2014).

Transformational leaders transcend beyond their own self-interests to do what is best for the organization or group.

These leaders utilize their personal values to support the goals of the group by creating a cooperative and trusting environment.

(Stone, Russell, & Patterson, 2004)

The two tenets of transformational leadership are (1) that "change is the central purpose of leadership, and (2) leadership transcends one's position in an organizational hiearchy" (Harrison, 2011 p. 45).

The focus of servant leadership is to understand the role of a leader as a servant; to serve and meet the needs of others. A servant leader develops people and helps them strive while providing vision, and influencing others.

(Stone, Russell, & Patterson, 2004)

Transformational and Servant Leadership in Educational Practice

Four Primary Behaviors of Transformational Leadership

Five Constructs of Servant Leadership

Altruistic Calling

Servant leaders feel the need to put their followers first. They provide an open and caring atmosphere to make a difference in the lives of others.

(Paul & Fitzpatrick, 2015)

Paul and Fitzpatrick (2015) describe the five constructs of servant leadership as:

  • Altruistic Calling
  • Emotional Healing
  • Wisdom
  • Persuasive mapping
  • Organizational Stewardship

The four primary behaviors that are indicative of transformational leadership are:

  • Idealized/Charismatic Influence
  • Inspirational Motivation
  • Intellectual Stimulation
  • Individualized Consideration

(Stone, Russell, & Patterson, 2004)

Idealized Influence

Individualized Consideration

Inspirational Motivation

  • Transformational leaders inspire others using enthusiasm and optimism.
  • By demonstrating a commitment to the shared vision of a group, transformational leaders inspire others to to buy into those goals as well.

(Stone, Russell, & Patterson, 2004)

Intellectual Stimulation

Emotional Healing

  • Transformational leaders attend to each of their followers' need for individual growth.
  • The transformational leader acts as a supportive mentor, accepting the individual differences of his or her followers.

(Stone, Russell, & Patterson, 2004)

  • Idealized influence is the charismatic element of transformational leadership.
  • Ethical and moral conduct allows these transformational leaders to gain the respect and admiration of their followers.

(Stone, Russell, & Patterson, 2004)

  • Transformational leaders encourage creativity and include their followers in problem solving.
  • Transformational leadership involves encouraging new approaches while emphasizing rationality.

(Stone, Russell, & Patterson, 2004)

"Servant leaders show commitment to helping their followers recover from hardship or trauma" (Paul & Fitzpatrick, 2015 p. 29).

Servant leaders show empathy and understanding while making those who have been broken feel whole.

(Paul & Fitzpatrick, 2015)

Wisdom

Wisdom involves the servant leaders' attentiveness to detail, self-awareness, and environmental consciousness. Sharing this knowledge to empower followers is an important aspect of wisdom in terms of servant leadership.

(Paul & Fitzpatrick, 2015)

Persuasive Mapping

Persuasive mapping is the servant leaders' ability to persuade rather than coerce (Paul & Fitzpatrick, 2015).

Organizational Stewardship

  • Servant leaders teach their followers the importance of servitude to the community be providing professional development opportunities (Paul & Fitzpatrick, 2015.
  • "Organizational stewardship reflects servant leaders' commitment to helping their organization and followers make positive contributions to society through community development programs and outreach" (Paul & Fitzpatrick, 2015 p. 30).

References

Black, S. A. (2015) Qualities of effective leadership in higher education.

Open Journal of Leadership, 4, 56-66. doi:10.4236/ojl.2015.42006

Johnson, K. A., Grazulis, J., & White, J. K. (2014). "Sleep out on the Quad":

An Opportunity for Experiential Education and Servant Based Leadership. Critical Questions In Education, 5(3), 232-241.

Paul, W. K., & Fitzpatrick, C. (2015). Advising as Servant Leadership:

Investigating Student Satisfaction. NACADA Journal, 35(2), 28-35.

Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F., & Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus

servant leadership: A difference in leader focus. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(4), 349-361. doi:10.1108/01437730410538671

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