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Trascrizione

Continents:

Europe boundaries:

Europe is in the Northern Hemisphere. It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Artic Ocean in the north and the Mediterranean Sea in the South. The Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea separate it from Asia in the east. In the south-east, its boundary is the Black Sea and the Caucasus region.

In the East, there are large alluvial, plains, occupied by rivers and wide deltas. Volcanic mountain ranges continue under the sea and form island and archipelagos like Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Lakes:

There are many lakes, especially in Finland, Sweden and Russia. Lake Ladoga in Russia is the largest lake in Europe. There are also mountain lakes in Switzerland, Austria and Italy. The largest is Lake Geneva in Switzerland.

In the south and south-west, two large areas are joined to Asia: The Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent.

Rivers and lakes:

Asia

Europe

Relief:

Asia is the largest continent, with a surface area of 44,9 million km2. Mount Everest , the highest mountain,d the Dead Sea, the lowest area in the world, are both in Asia.

Andes:

The origin of "Europe"

According to Greek myths, Europa was a Phoenician princess who was abducted by the god Zeus in the form of a bull. The term originally stood for mainland Greece. Later, it referred to the whole Mediterranean region under the Roman Empire

Europe´s rivers flow into the following oceans and seas:

- Artic Ocean: such as the Pechora, are long and have a considerable discharge. Some of them freeze in winter, and cause flooding when they melt.

- Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea: long and considerable discharge. Their flow is more regular for example the Oder, Rhine, Loire, Duero and Tagus (Tajo).

- Mediterranean Sea: short and have a low discharge. They carry little water in the summer, but swell in the autumn and spring. Include the Po, the Rhode and the Ebro.

- Black Sea and Caspian Sea: long and a considerable discharge. Important routes of communication. Include the Volga, don and the Danube.

- A series of young montain ranges runs all the way down the west of the continent. The Rocky Mountains run into the Sierra Madre in Mexico. The Andes are their continuation in South America.

In the north, there are great plains and high plateaus in Siberia.

In the Centre, there are high plateaus in Mongolia and Tibet.

Coasts:

Are generally short and irregular. There are many seas along its coastline, such as the Baltic, the North Sea, the Adriatic, the Aegean and the Cantabrian Sea.

Rocky Mountains:

Everest:

Islands and Archipelagos:

America:

Japan:

European Plain:

The biggest islands, include Iceland, the British isles, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete and Cyprus. There are also groups of islands like the Balearic and Canary Islands.

America is the second largest continent, after Asia. It has a surface ea of 42 million km2. It has three parts: North Amerioca, Central America and South America.

Relief and water:

Is a large sedimentary basin that stretches from the Atlantic coast to the Urals, at an altitude of about 200 metrres. Its relief is mainly flat, and includes low hills and valleys. It is crossed by many rivers.

The relief of America is made up of young mountain ranges, wide plains and ancient highland regions:

There are ancient highland regions and plateaus in the East. These include the Appalachian Mountains in North America and the Guiana Shield in South America.

Ancient mountains and massifs:

Young mountain ranges:

Or highland regions, have been worn down by erosion. They include the Scandinavian Mountains in the north, the Central Massif in the west and the Ural Mountains in the west.

Are found in the south of Europe. As these mountains are more recent, they have been less affected by erosion.Consequently, they are steeper and more jagged. The Alps and the Caucusus are the highest regions in Europe. The Carpathian Mountains, the Apenines, and the Pyrenees are also young mountain ranges.

Wide plains cover much of the centre of North America. In South America, river basins form wide plains, such as the Pampas, the Amazon and Gran Chaco.

Africa:

Relief and water:;

The African continent is mainly flat, but its average altitude is high (750 meters) because of its plateaus and highland regions.

- Plateaus: cover much of the continent, at altitudes of 600 to 2,600 met.

- Highland regions

- Rift Valley: East of Africa. Long valley with lakes was formed by a geological rift or fault. It is surrounded by mountains, including the volcano Kilimanjaro.

- Mountain ranges: few young ones, mainly on the edge of the continent. They include the Atlas mountains.

- Low inland basins: occuppied by lakes, like Lake Chad or rivers, such as theCongo and the Nile.

The Atlas Mountain range

High Atlas

The rivers of America flow into the Artic, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. North America has many huge lakes, such as the Great Lakes.

Kilimanjaro

Rift Valley

Nile River

New Zealand

Australia

Two main islands make up New Zealand. There are many volcanoes on North Islands, and the southern Alps is a mountain range on South Island.

Had a surface area of 7,6 million km2. It is the largest island in Oceania, and is surounded by the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Plains and plateaus predominate in its relief. There is a wide plateau in the west. In the centre, there are large basins and plains crossed by rivers. In the east, the Great Dividing Range is Australia´s most important mountain range.

Other islands

Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia

Antarctica:

Is the fourth largest continent. It has a surface area of 14,2 million km2, which is 10% of the Earth´s land surface. In winter the water around it freezes, and its frozen surface doubles the size of the continent

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