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Nationalism of United States

  • Slave Trade ended in 1808
  • The American Civil War which took place during 1861-1865 was caused because of the Southern states
  • The Northern states believed in Abolitionism
  • In April of 1861 fighting erupted between the Southern and the Northern States
  • On April 9, 1865 Lincoln’s Emancipation proclamation declared most of the nation’s
  • enslaved people “forever free.”

Great Britain

Italian Unification

Breakdown of the Concert of Europe

• Avoided revolutionary conflicts in the first half of 19th century

• In 1832- Parliament passed a bill that increased the number of male middle class voters

• By doing this, they avoided revolution in 1848

• Between 1850s and 1860s Parliament made social, political and economic changes for the better of the country

• Irish tried to control over Irish internal affairs.

• Industrialization had brought prosperity to the British middle class

• Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901, longest in British history.

• Through her duties and morals she started the Victorian age.

  • Austria was the dominant power on the Italian peninsula in 1850.
  • The royal house of Savoy ruled the Kingdom of Piedmont, included Savoy, Nice, and Sardinia
  • King Victor Emmanuel II in 1849 ruled Italy then
  • 1852- Camilio di Cavour became prime minister
  • 1859- Italy declared war on Austrians
  • Giuseppe Garibaldi was the leader in Southern Italy
  • 1860- Garibaldi forces defeated Sicilie and Naples
  • Italian gains control of Venetia
  • 1970- Italians took over Rome
  • The revolution of 1848 failed
  • Russians invaded the Turkish Balkan
  • Great Britain and France became fearful of Russia
  • The war destroyed the concert of Europe
  • Russia withdrew from the European affairs for 20 years

Germany

France

  • Failed unification
  • Looked to Prussia for leadership
  • Military strength and reliance
  • King William I failed to enlarge army
  • New prime minister: Otto von Bismarck
  • Ignored opposition to military reforms
  • "Germany does not look to Prussia's liberalism but to her power"
  • Prussia & Austria defeat Denmarck, gain control of Schleswig and Holstein
  • Friction between Prussia & Austria, leading to war
  • Tried to restore absolute monarchy
  • People voted for a new King thus in December 2, 1852, Napoleon III became the Emperor of France
  • Government – More authoritarian, Napoleon controlled it, started building roads, harbors, cannals etc.
  • Army- Under Napoleon III control and he could declare wars
  • Rebuild Paris, Wider roads, public squares, new water system and underground sewage
  • France lost the war in 1870, Empire fell.

Germany

  • Northern states enter North German Confederation
  • Southern German states & Prussia military alliance
  • Domination of northern Germany
  • Prussia vs France dispute over Spanish throne
  • Franco­Prussian War
  • Paris surrenders, peace treaty is signed. Gained provinces: Alsace and Lorraine
  • Southern states enter North German Confederation
  • William I of Prussia named kaiser of Second German Empire
  • German unity acheived

Austria

  • 19th century Europe Austrian Empire contained so many different ethnic groups
  • Austrians makes concessions to the fiercely nationalistic Hungarians
  • 1867- Compromises created a monarchy of Austrians and Hungarians
  • Each of these two components had its own government and its own capital (Austria-Vienna, Hungary- Budapest)
  • Compromise didn't satisfy the other nationalisties that made up the multinational Austro-Hungarian Empire

Russia

  • The Russian Czar was still regarded as a divine-right monarch with unlimited power
  • 1856- Russian suffered a humiliatary defeat in the Grimean War
  • Czar Alexander II made reforms when Russia was falling
  • Problem in Russia: A humanitarian issue, a complicated one that affected the economic, social, and political future of Russia
  • 1861- Alexander issued an emancipation edict.
  • The Government provided land for the peasants.
  • Alexander III turned against reforms
  • Construced the Trans-siberian railway

National Unification and Nationalism

By: Steve, Haoran, Kaylee, Evelyn, Sam

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