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Electroreception: Passive and Active
1
In Conclusion
-Some animals have an extra electroreceptive sense that they use to communicate, defend, and locate others with
-Passive electroreception is the ability to detect other naturally occuring electric fields
-Active electroreception evolved after passive electroreception in which some animals actually generate electrical fields with special organs
Knifefish
Passive Electroreception
-The animal senses weak electric fields generated by other animals and uses it to locate them
-transmitted through ions in water to Ampullae of Lorenzini
-uses an internal organ that produces electric fields
-located on the skin near the mouth
-Used to sense prey, navigate, and communicate
-Near Sense
Knifefish
-Weakly Electric Fish
Ampullae of Lorenzini
Ampullary receptors
- used for passive electrolocation of the electric fields from prey organisms or predators.
-sensitive to low frequency (<50 Hz)
-advantage in navigating through the dark and turbid water
Electroreception
-The biological ability to perceive natural electric stimuli
-Sixth sense
Electroreception:
Active and Passive
By: Salam Musleh
Types of Electroreception
Reasons:
Active Electroreception
1. Passive Electroreception
2. Active Electroreception
-The animal senses its environment by generating electric fields and detecting distortions in these fields by using electroreceptor organs.
1. Electrocommunication
2. Electrolocation
3.Locating prey
4.Defense
Specialized Organs
-Skin, heart, or brain
-Made of Electroplaques
-Arranged in series to build up
voltage
-Sudden discharge
Guiana Dolphin
Two types of Tuberous
Receptors:
-located in the caribbean and the Atlantic Coasts waters of Central and South America
-first mammal that has been discovered to have
this sense
-Hairless Vibrissal crypts located on rostrums: serve as electroreceptors
Tuberous receptors
-sensitive to high frequencies (20-20,000 Hz)
-loose plug of epithelial cells which couples the sensory receptor cells to the external environment
Guiana Dolphin
1. Phase Coders (Time Coder)
2. Amplitude Coders
-Wave-type
-Pulse-type
Sharks
-4 series experiment
-to attack prey
-Ampullae of Lorenzini
-http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/36697-ultimate-guide-to-sharks-ampullae-of-lorenzini-video.htm
References
Chacron, Maurice. "Electrolocation." - Scholarpedia. Scholarpedia, 2007. Web. 06 Nov. 2015.
Engelmann, Jacob, R. Pusch, and G. Von Der Emde. "Active Sensing: Pre-receptor Mechanisms and Behavior in Electric Fish." Communicative & Integrative Biology. Landes Bioscience, 2008. Web. 06 Nov. 2015.
Evans, David H. The Physiology of Fishes. Boca Raton: CRC, 1993. Print.
"Map of Life - Convergent Evolution Online." "Electroreception in Fish, Amphibians and Monotremes" : Map of Life. N.p., 5 Nov. 2015. Web. 06 Nov. 2015.
Morell, Virginia. "Guiana Dolphins Can Use Electric Signals to Locate Prey." Guiana Dolphins Can Use Electric Signals to Locate Prey. AAAS, 26 July 2011. Web. 06 Nov. 2015.