6.8 19th Century Changes

6.8 19th Century Changes : Module Project

Imperialism

Sources

Opium War

• Opium wars is a term referring to two wars that Britain fought against imperial China in the middle of the 19th century, presumably over the attempts of the chinese authorities to stop the growing influx of foreign produced opium. The Opium Wars marked the beginning of China's century-long subjugation and servitude to foreign powers. The defeated Chinese were forced to legalize the important of opium, accept unfair and unbalanced terms of foreign trade, open up China's seaports and The Yangtze River to foreign commercial penetration under the so-called "treaty port" system, and exempt westerns from China's local laws and national jurisdiction. So severely curtailed was China's independence in that the chinese still view the opium wars as a national disgrace.

• Module 6
• http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/georgians/industrial/industrialisation.html
• http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Opium_Wars.aspx
• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/536531/Seven-Weeks-War
• http://www.historynet.com/womens-suffrage-movement

New Philosophies

Industrialization in Britain

• Early 18th century British industries were generally small scale and relatively unsophisticated.Most textile production, was centered on small workshops or in the home of spinners, weavers and dyers: a literal "cottage industry" that involved thousands of individuals manufacture. Such small-scale production was also a feature of most other industries with different regions specializing in different products: metal production in the Midlands and coal production in the Northeast.

Italian and German Unification

Seven Weeks' War

• Seven Weeks' War, also called Austro-Prussian War, between Prussia on the one side and Austria, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and certain minor German states on the other. It ended in a Prussian Victory, which meant the exclusion of Austria from Germany. The issue was decided in Bohemia, where the principal Prussian armies met the main Austrian forces and the Saxon army, most decisively at the Battle of Koniggratz. A Prussian detainment, known as the army of the Main, meanwhile dealt with the forces of Bavaria and other German states that had sided with Austria. Simultaneously, a campaign was fought in Venetia between the Austrian army of the south and the Italians, who had made an alliance with Prussia.

Recent Movements

Latin American Independence

Dominican Republic Independence

• In 1821, the Haitians themselves captured and occupied Santo Domingo, renaming it Spanish Haiti. This occupation lasted for 22 years, and the historical memory of this period continues to fuel bitter relations between the two countries. But in 1844, a number of wealthy backers and revolutionaries declared independence from Haiti. Despite several attempts by the Haitians to restore control and one successful but short-lived attempt by the Spanish to regain colony, the Dominican Republic has maintained its independence ever since.

Woman Suffrage

• The Women's Suffrage movement was the struggle for the right for women to vote ad run for office and is part of the overall women's rights movement. In the mid-19th century, women in several countries most notably, the U.S. and Britain formed organizations to fight for suffrage. In 1888, the first international women's rights organization formed, the international council of women. Because the ICW was reluctant to focus on suffrage, in 1904. The International Woman Suffrage Alliance was formed by British women's rights activist Millicent Fawcett, American activist Carrie Chapman Catt, and other leading women's rights activists.