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Fundamentalist Movements

EQ: What new social and cultural ideologies developed, and what were the consequences and reactions to these ideologies?

Christian (Protestant) Fundamentalism

In the 19th and 20th centuries, fundamentalism developed, in which certain religious groups began to practice the original laws of their religion. These fundamental groups were, and still are, commonly rejected by their modern counterparts and may be seen in some cases as puritanical or problematic. Their beliefs generally conflict with the modern beliefs of religion.

  • Reaction to Liberation Theology & Cultural Modernism
  • Argued over biblical inerrancy and misinterpretation or expulsion of some doctrines
  • Name taken from a 12-volume set of essays to combat Liberation Theology, called "The Fundamentals"
  • Attempted to take control over Protestant denominations, seminaries, also to expel the teaching of evolution
  • Believe in the Virgin birth of Jesus, the literal resurrection of Christ, and the Second Coming of Christ

Mormon Fundamentalism

  • Belief and support of fundamental aspects of Mormonism taught and practiced in the 19th century
  • Associated principles include plural-marriage and Communalism
  • Believe in continuing or progressing revelation-scripture may continually be argued
  • Constantly reject by the church of Latter-Day Saints

Definitions

Islamic Fundamentalism

The fundamentalist movements were new social acts that began in the 19th and 20th centuries. Different religious groups developed these movements to return their religions back to the fundamental, or original basic practices. Some religious groups that practice(d) fundamentalism include Protestants, Mormons, and Muslims.

  • Defined by the use of ijtihad-literally "diligence", meaning independent reasoning
  • Used in early Islam to help jurists reach legal rulings when the Qur'an and the Sunna did not provide clear directions for certain decisions
  • Strong opposition to Western culture
  • During the Cold War, NATO govs. like the US started campaigns to promote fundamentalist groups in the Middle East and Southern Asia, which would hedge against potential expansion and nationalistic movements by the Soviet Union
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