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5 Most Common Birth Defects

#1 - Cleft Lip

  • Cleft lip is caused by a neural tube in the mother in early pregnancy not closing
  • Other possible influences: viruses, chemicals, and other drugs during or prior to pregnancy
  • Affects 1 in 700 babies each year
  • Physical or biochemical abnormality that is present at birth and that may be inherited or the result of environmental influence
  • 120,000 babies each year

X Ray of baby suffering gastroschisis

#4 - Spina Bifida

Before and after surgery

#2 - Gastroschisis

  • Literally means "cleft spine"
  • Neural tube does not fully close or develop in the uterus before birth
  • 4 different kinds: occulta, closed neural tube, meningocle, and myelomeningocle
  • Affects 1,500 to 2,000 babies out of the 4 million born in the US annually
  • Severe cases require surgery
  • Type of hernia that is a rupture
  • Infants have hole in abdominal wall
  • Child's intestines stick out through the hole
  • 1,871 babies are born with it each year in the United States
  • Surgery is needed immediately after birth

Cleft Lip

#5 - Limb Anomaly

Thank You!

  • Babies born without a limb
  • Unknown cause - chemicals? virus that mildly affects mother?
  • Referred to a physical therapist
  • 1,500 born without upper limb
  • 750 born without lower limb

Are there any questions?

#3 - Club Foot

  • The tissues connecting the muscles to the bones are shorter than usual, making the foot twisted out of position
  • Fairly common - 1 in 1,000 babies annually
  • Surgery recommended soon after birth
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