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Transcript

Chanak

'Lloyd George's greatest error in foreign policy'

Where is Chanak?

  • Chanak is a small part of Turkey and is officially known as the Dardanelles

The Cons reaction - The Carlton Club

Dardanelles

  • Lloyd George's rashness humiliated and appalled the Conservative Party
  • The party called upon all Conservative MP's forming the Carlton Club
  • Decided to fight the next election as a independent party
  • The conservatives could of made up the majority government if it weren't for the coalition
  • Lloyd George lost the support of the public and clearly the Conservatives and consequently resigned as PM.

What was the Chanak incident?

  • Following WW1 Turkey became under the control of Britain and therefore ensured that they stayed demilitarized (as per Versailles)
  • This meant that although it was a independent country it was put under the guidance of Britain

Backing A Loser

  • Ottoman Empire had been distributed between the victorious powers of WW1 - Britain, France, Italy and Greece.
  • An army officer (Kemal) set up a provisional government began a war of liberation - in particular he wanted to take back Smyrna from the Greeks. Britain, France and Italy decided to back Greece - unfortunately they backed a loser.
  • In August 1922 the Turks massacred about 100'000 Greeks in Smyrna.

Labour's Reaction

What happened next?

  • Kemal's provisional goverment pushed on towards the Dardanelles and mainland Europe - Chanak was guarded by troops
  • The British cabinet met and decided that British troops should maintain their position - despite the danger. However the French and Italian withdrew their detachments.
  • Ramsay Macdonald who became leader of the party in 1922 wanted to appeal to all classes
  • His anti-war stance made him more popular to the uproar of the Chanak incident and following WW1.
  • Therefore the Chanak incident benefited the Labour Party.

The Possibility of war

What did the public

think?

  • The public were outraged
  • They didn't want to go to war again
  • They still were appalled and disturbed by WW1
  • Now only Britain stood in the Turks way
  • There was a possibility of war
  • The cabinet told General Harrington to give the Turks a ultimatum to widthdraw their forces.
  • Instead he negotiated and eventually turned in the Treaty of Lausanne
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