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Modern Period

The Korean Empire (1897 ~ 1910)

Korean Literature and Culture

3 Day Coup D'etat

Japan's annexation

of Korea

Russian intervention

Tonghawk Uprising

Sino-Japanese War

1905

1895

1876

1894

1910

Samnyong the Mute (1964)

Poster and a still scene of

Samnyong with his beloved lady

1894

1884

Pak T’aewŏn

A Day in the Life of Kubo the Novelist

1934

Na Tohyang, “Samnyong the Mute"

1925

Korean-Japanese Treaty

Murder of pro-Russian Queen Min

Russian-Japanese War

Japan-Korea Protectorate Treaty

Early Colonial Period

30s Urban Industrialization

March 1st Movement

1910~1919: Japan adopted a military rule and the rice production increase policy; new literature emerged amid the ban on Korean-language periodicals except for the government’s.

Kim Namch’ŏn, Barley

1941

1931~1936: Korea became a newly important military and industrial base for Japan after its founding of Manchukuo; Japan spurred the industrialization of Korea as well as tried to establish social stability through the selective repression of radical oppositions; the center of anti-colonialist resistance moved to Manchuria; the industrialization brought about a new middle class of professionals and entrepreneurs; cultural activism declined, but new urban culture flourished in major cities (Korea’s age of modernism).

Yi T’aejun, Before and After Liberation

1946

1920

1940

1919

1930

1910

Cold War (1945-1960)

20s New Culture Movement

Korea divided into North and South by American and Russian agreement

For what consequences?

  • The arbitrary decision divided, for instance, Kaesŏng into two.
  • After the establishment of separate governments in the north and the south in 1948, the line became the national border between the two Koreas until the outbreak of the Korean War.

1946

Kang Kyǒngae, “Underground Village

1936

1919~1931: Japan changed to the “Cultural Rule” and pursued the gradual industrialization of Korea; Koreans organized a variety of activist movements (nationalist, socialist, anarchist, feminist, etc.); Modern literature and arts, including cinema, developed.

1937~1945: Korea was increasingly embroiled in Japan’s ever expanding imperial war; to mobilize Korea’s material and human resources, Japan adopted intensive assimilation policies [the exclusive use of Japanese in publications; the change of Korean names into Japanese ones; the promotion of intermarriage; the mandatory worship of Shintoism; and the forced ideological conversion of socialists]; due to the wartime mobilization, nearly 3.5 million Koreans were living overseas by 1944.

1945

1948

On August 10, 1945, the day after the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Major Dean Rusk and Colonel Charles H. Bonesteel had 30 minutes to draw the “temporary” line for separate occupation zones; they settled for the 38th parallel for administrative convenience.

The Liberation Space (1945-1948)

1917

Mujong

(The Heartless)

Yi Kwangsu (1892~1950)

Colonial Korea (1910-1945)

national effects

The First Hot War

South Korea became dependent on the U.S. in economy and national defense and came to adopt anti-communist nationalism as its ruling ideology.

North Korea became still closer to China; Kim Ilsung secured his monopoly of power by purging his political rivals for their “responsibility” for the war’s cost.

Globally, the Korean War was the first hot war of the cold war era. As such, it substituted for WW III between the two superpowers and enabled “the long peace” of the cold war. (See William Stuek)

1951

1950

1952

international effects

  • U.S. expanded military presence in East Asia and beyond. Also became suspicious of third-world nationalism in other countries.
  • Europe increased armament with the help from the U.S.
  • USSR lost the trust of China, had to counter the growing military strength of Western Europe.
  • China emerged as the prime victor. After sacrificing nearly one million lives of its soldiers, it proved its capability of withholding against America.
  • Japan was able to restore its economy thanks to the war boom and emerged as a major ally of the U.S. in the region.

Korean War (and its Origins) 1950-1953

Kim Pukhyang

“The Son”

1971

Kim Chiha

“Five Bandits”

1970

Kong Chiyŏng

“Human Decency”

1994

April 19 Student Movement

1960

1980

1960

2000

1990

1970

1953

Han Ungbin

“Second Encounter”

1999

Pak Wansŏ

“Identical Apartments,”

1974

kim su yong

"ha... no shadows"

April 3, 1960

Divided Koreas 1953-Present Day

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