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Protists

Termites are mutualistic organisms that cannot live without a protozoan living in its gut to digest cellulose.

Many protozoans are parasitic, some are mutualistic and others are commensal.

Parasitism - one benefits, one harmed.

Mutualism - both benefit.

Commensalism - Neither requires the other to survive.

Anatomy of a Paramecium

Protozoans are found living in fresh water, salt water, in and on other living organisms and they have special vacuoles for digesting food.

Animal Like Protists, Also called Protozoans.

Protozoans are classified by how they move.

Ciliates

Flagellates

Pseudopodia

Some protozoans move through their environments and feed using temporary extensions of their cytoplasm called pseudopodia.

Flagellates are protozoans that move using one or more flagella. Many species of flagellates live in fresh water, some are parasites.

Some live in colonies and use flagella to move the colony around.

There are many disease causing protozoans.

The protist that causes malaria for example is a form of flagellate that actually sets up life in your blood!!

Ciliates are protozoans that move using cilia, tiny hairlike projections that are used like tiny oars for movement.

One common ciliate is the Paramecium

Questions to ponder continued.

Proterospongia

7. What characteristics are common to all protists?

8. Compare and contrast the characteristics of animallike, plantlike and funguslike protists.

9. Explain how plantlike protists are classified into different groups.

10. What protozoan characteristics do scientists use to organize protozoans into groups?

11. Why are there few fossils of certain groups of protists?

Plasmodium falciparum

Questions to Ponder

1. How are plant like protists classified?

2. How are protozoans classified?

3. What is bioremediation?

4. How does an amoeba move?

5. Name one disease caused by protozoans.

6. Name the three types of symbiotic relationship.

Protozoans are a necessary part of the environment and are often used for bioremediation such as in the treatment of sewage.

African sleeping sickness is caused by another parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei.

Certain species of amoeba also cause serious diarrhea and sickness.

Often found in contaminated water in places such as Mexico.

Another problem causing protist is called giardia.

This is what you get from drinking from streams.

This causes serious diarrhea, nausea and bloating.

Also called "beaver fever" because it can be found in water where beaver reside.

The Importance of Algae

Algae are the bottom of the food chain, providing food for many aquatic organisms.

Slime Mold

These protists / fungus reproduce using spores as well as take in food just as Fungus does....the part they do differently is they move at some point in their life, on their own.

There are many fungal diseases caused by fungus like protists, one common aquarium fungus is called ich.

The fluffy, fury covering on this dead fish is a water mold eating the fish.

Fungus like Protists

Slime molds, also called plasmodial slime molds.

Cellular slime molds

Water molds or Downy mildews.

Cellular slime molds are much like plasmodial slime molds except the feeding part of a cellular slime mold consists of single cells feeding much like an amoeba.

When food runs low, chemical "signals" attract near by mold cells to clump together.

Diatoms are single celled golden algae, also called golden brown algae.

They are also photosynthetic and they cover themselves in a glass shell.

They also come in a variety of shapes and sizes.

The glass shells fit together much like a Petri dish and the organism is able to asexually reproduce by separating in half...like a Petri dish.

When diatoms die, their shells settle to the bottom and build up creating what is called diatomaceous earth.

Algae also produce most of the oxygen in the atmosphere.

Without photosynthetic algae, places frozen for the winter would see a decrease in Oxygen...

Diatomaceous earth is used for all sorts of things.

Filtration

Food additive

Polishes and abrasives

Reflective paint

Pest control (pesticides)

Dynamite

The spinning algae

Algae are also found in food

This is carageenan, found in ice cream and other creamy foods.

Section 1 Review

1. How are Protists classified?

2. What are the three groups of Plantlike Protists?

3. What is the difference between plant-like protist algae and Cyanobacteria?

4. Which Protist lives in glass shells?

5. Name one use for Plant-like protists.

Brown Algae has a brown pigment in addition to chlorophyll.

Brown algae is found in cool saltwater environments and is the largest protist in the kingdom.

Anatomy of Kelp (Brown algae)

Kelp can grow over 100 meters in length and provides shelter and food to a vast number of organisms.

Red Algae are many celled and are also often called sea weed.

Red algae can live up to 200 meters deep in water.

Plant like protists are autotrophs because they have chlorophyll in chloroplasts and make their own food.

Some plant like protists have other pigments based on where they live.

There are green algae, red algae and brown algae

The real question then is "why green?" Why is chlorophyll green?

Most protists reproduce both sexually and asexually. Some only have been observed reproducing asexually.

Other plant like protists are single celled and mobile.

A protist is defined as " a one or many celled organism that lives in a wet or moist environment.

The protist kingdom is often called the catch all kingdom because organisms are placed here when they do not share all of the characteristics of other kingdoms.

Euglena

Some plant like protists are multi-celled.

Others live in glass shells and are microscopic.

Protists are classified into three basic groups.

Plant-like

Animal-like

Fungus-like

Plant-like protists often called algae.

Some are single celled

Many plant like protists also have cell walls like plant cells and some have root like structures to hold them in place (actually called a holdfast)

Although they look like roots, there is no vascular tissue.

Not to be confused with bacteria that are also called algae...blue green algae

What's the difference?

Green algae are the most diverse group of algae with over 7000 species.

Green algae live in both fresh and salt water and are often mistaken as a plant or called sea weed.

Not usually found below 50 meters due to the low light conditions.

Bacteria or protist? How do you know?

Eukaryotic cells...that's the difference!!

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