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Psychological Explanations of Bulimia Nervosa

What is BN

Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by recurrent binge eating

followed by self-induced vomiting.

It is relatively common among young women and three times as common as Anorexia Nervosa

Cooper et al.’s cognitive model

People with BN have experienced early trauma or life events which others might not be aware of. Makes them believe they are unacceptable and unlovable.

People with BN have experienced early trauma or life events which others

might not be aware of. Makes them believe they are unacceptable and unlovable.

What does Cooper's cognitive model suggest about BN in terms of cognitive factors?

What does Cooper's cognitive model suggest about BN in terms of cognitive factors?

What do bulimics learn from these experiences?

What does Cooper suggest under maintaining factors?

That fat=bad and thin=good. Therefore they diet.

Believe that by losing weight they will overcome bad thoughts. "If I lose weight, everybody will like me.“

Maintenance of BN is a vicious circle of faulty thinking. BN sufferer may think

binging will make them feel better or they are out of control of eating.

This triggers a binge that continues until the feeling of "I feel fat" takes over

which triggers purge - reduces harm of binge but results in

feelings of worthlessness and process repeats.

What are the five characteristics of bulimia nervosa?

Binge: eating excessive amounts of food in a short period of time.

Purge: compensating for eating by vomiting or taking laxatives, in order to prevent weight gain.

Frequency: in order to be diagnosed, an individual needs to display this for at least twice a week, for 3 months.

Body image: inappropriate perception of self.

Different from anorexia: people suffering are usually within the normal weight range for their age and height.

The functionalist model

Polivy et al: individuals engage in binge-eating associated with BN as a way of coping with identity problems particularly self-image.

By overeating, the person can attribute (link) their distress to the overeating rather than the more serious underlying issues associated with threats to their emotional well-being. This led to the view that bulimic binge behaviour was purposeful or ‘functional’ for individuals dealing with life stressors.

Bulimia and identity:

Polivy et al’s model assumes that individuals engage in the binge eating associated with BN as a way of avoiding identity issues

Wheeler et al: negative self-image and desire to escape from difficult life issues predicts the onset of bulimic behaviour. Individuals in this state feel externally controlled. They maintained a negative self-image and feel socially isolated.

By Daniella, Tani, Jardine and Midhu

Relationship Processes

Anxious attachment in intimate relationship

Boskind -Lodahl (1976) suggested an idea between women with Bulimia nervosa and the story of Cinderella to illustrate the link between attempts to change one's body and a desire to please a partner. It is said women attempt to change themselves in order to meet some perceived ideal held by men about what is considered 'attractive'. Anxious attachment in adult intimate relationships is characterised by a strong desire of closeness and a fear of abandonment and blame themselves for rejection whether it'd be perceived or real. Research has shown a relationship between anxious attatchment style as women to try and loose weight to avoid rejection.

http://www.onlinequizcreator.com/psychological-explanations-for-bulimia-nervosa/quiz-54493

Bodily self-consciousness

Cash suggested that women who are disatisfied with their physical appearance are likely to become self-conscious about their bodies and worry about becoming accepted by their partners.

Ackard et al found that women who experienced body dissatisfaction were more likely to be less confidence in their ability as a sexual partner.

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