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Compare and Contrasting Stoicism and Epicureanism
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- Materialism (Atomism)
- All things are atoms & void; shape & size
- Atoms are eternal (nothing from nothing), universe is boundless
- Ethics
- Aim: eudaimonia = happiness is a mind free from disturbance (ataraxia) and a body free from pain.
- Means: fear and ignorance cause disturbances in mind and body, so ataraxia achievable by understanding the true nature of things; removal of source of fear and disturbance.
- Epicurus (341-271 BCE)
- A life devoted to worldly happiness based on materialist account of nature.
- Encouraged withdrawal from political life into communities of like-minded individuals (Gardens in Athens)
- Epicureans believed the gods were neutral and did not interfere in the life of man. They believed primarily in the freedom from fear, absence of bodily pain and a state of tranquility attained by living a virtuous and temperate life. They believed that friendship and knowledge were key to attaining the primary states.
- Epicureanism is interesting as it believed, with a some-what flaky explanation in the existence of atoms. They believed that Gods, souls and all matter on earth was made up of atoms.
- Stoics believes virtue is the most important human attribute, and that virtue depends on strength of will. Doing right in all occasions, regardless of personal pleasure or wealth. They believed everything good or bad which happened in a persons life, happened as a result of their own actions.
- The primary belief of stoicism was that man should exercise self-control to overcome negative urges and emotions. They believed this state of mind would clear the way for the better understanding of life and spirituality.
- Anger, envy and jealousy were to be avoided. Freedom from passion was the clearest road to wisdom.
- A radical tenant of Stoicism was the belief that all men were equal under the gods. This was blatantly at odds with the slave and master philosophy of the governing forces of the time.
- Stoicism developed in Rome and Greece
Epicureanism
Stoicism
- third century BC in Athens.
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