NATURAL

NATURAL DISASTER

THE END

recycling and reuse

Recycling can help reduce solid waste pollution. Since we are using the same thing maybe in a different product, such as in the case of returnable bottles.

Reusing products in our houses can also help, since we avoid going to buy another new product by reusing the one we already had. This reduces wastes.

what is composting?

Composting means uses natural biological processes to speed the decomposition of the organic waste. It is an effective strategy for dealing with organic garbage, and produces material that can be used as a natural fertilizer.

water pollution

Is the contamination of water bodies, very often by human activities. It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies.

acid rain

It affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world.

Is the precipitation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants aquatic animals and infrastructure.

LAND POLLUTION

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It is the deterioration of the Earth's land surfaces (result of human activities). It can occur when humans throw chemicals unto the soil in form of pesticides, etc.

It can cause problems in the human respiratory system, cancer and problems in the skin.

When factories or ourselves burn coal and oil, we produce acid gases that bowl into the sky. These gas mix with the clouds cause rain to become more acidic.

pollution

GLOBAL WARMING

RUBBISH

Air pollution is the introduction of harmful materials and gases into the Earth's atmosphere. It causes diseases, death to humans, damage to other organism and to the environment.

Ir refers to any change in the global average surface temperature. All the artificial things we have at home, for example, contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases.

These gases in the atmosphere have trapped heat on the earth's surface and made it warmer. This is GLOBAL WARMING.

Solid-WASTE

(COLLECTING BY)

Are unwanted solid materials, such as

papers, plastics and other synthetic material.

Examples

Transports vehicles that collect the waste and carry them to disposal units or incineration plants.

Burning in forests.

It cause the weather to bee more extreme, violent storms and heavy rain.

transfer station

Smoke from cars

Burning garbage trash.

Smoke from industries

Burning tires.

Is a place where municipal solid waste is uploaded from collection vehicles and briefly held while it's reloaded in a larger long-distance transport vehicle that goes to landfills.

Aerosols.

GREENHOUSE

EFFECT

The earth gets energy from the sun in the form of sunlight.

The surface absorbs some of energy and heats up.

The earth gives off another energy called infrared radiation which is absorbed by the earth warmer

EXAMPLES

Glaciers melt

Cloudy nights tend to be warmer than clear nights.

ECOLOGY

Is the scientific analysis and study of interaction among organisms and their environment.

how to protect the environment?

- Use more environmentally friendly ways

of transportation.

- Don´t let water run when you don't use it.

- Use environmentally friendly cleaning

products

- Reduce unnecessary packing, bring your

own reusable bags.

- Replace plastic whenever possible.

- Turn off the lights and electronics you are

not using

- Recycle and use recycle products

HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS

WHAT ARE HURRICANES and typhoons?

Is a severe storm that can have strong winds spiraling inward and upward.

Each hurricane (generally) last for over a week

moving over the open ocean.

TYPES OF STORMS

It rotates around an eye.

Immature stage: It begins when the wind gains strength and follows a spiraling path toward a distinct centre.

WHAT IS AN EYE OF HURRICANE?

Mature stage: wind speed exceeds 118 kms per hour. (Intense tropical storm)

It is the center of the storm, and it is the calmest part.

The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically 30–65 km (20–40 miles) in diameter.

WHY DO THEY OCCUR?

They occur when the following things occur simultaneously:

High latitude

Warm water

They usually take place

over tropical oceanic areas

connection BETWEEN RAIN AND HURRICANES

Low pressure at the surface

No vertical wind

Hurricanes draw heat from warm, moist ocean air and release it through condensation of water vapor in thunderstorms.

Hurricanes can produce strong winds and big storms and rains.

VOLCANOES

Geologists agree that volcanism is a process resulting from the thermal evolution of planetary bodies.

EXAMPLES OF ERUPTIONS

IN THE WORLD

Beneficial effects

of

volcanic eruptions

Fertile soils.

Mt. St. Helens, Washington, 1980.

(Explosive eruption)

Scientist, geophysicists, geologists, biologists and meteorologists study volcanoes.

Valuable mineral deposits and geothermal energy.

Mauna Loa, Hawaii, 1984.

(Quiet eruption)

Recycle the Earth's hydrosphere and atmosphere

What can we do to prevent floods..

tornadoes

wHAT IS A TORNADO?

Building sea walls and tide gates

Is a violent rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. They are capable of tremendous destruction.

Building dams

waterspouts and whirlwinds

Speed

Normally 48 to 64 kms per hour.

The direction of rotation is usually counterclockwise.

Most of them from thunderstorms

It is when a tornado forms or passes over water surface; the way assumes many shapes and often occurs in series or families.

(A waterspout is just a weak tornado

that forms over the water)

MAUNA LOA, HAWAII

Drainage systems

Is any rotating mass of air on atmospheric vortex. The term is restricted to atmospheric systems smaller than a tornado but larger than eddies of micro scale turbulence.

Planting more trees and grass

Mauna Loa's most recent eruption occurred from March 24 to April 15, 1984. No recent eruptions of the volcano have caused fatalities.

SOME VOLCANIC GASES

wHERE DO waterspouts and whirLwinds TAKE PLACE?

WHERE DO TORNADOES TAKE PLACE?

WATERSPOUTS

• Most occur over oceans.
• Off the west coast of Africa.
• Off the west coast of China and Japan

Carbon dioxide

Eruptions in 1926 and 1950 destroyed villages, and the city of Hilo is partly built on lava flows from the late 19th century.

WHIRLWINDS

Arid and semiarid areas of the world.

Sulfur dioxide

• United States.
• Australia.
• Canada, Great Britain, China.
• France, Fiji Islands.

• Deserts regions from Sahara, Australia, USA, India.

Water

Hydrogen Sulfide

What is a geyser?

A geyser is a natural pool of hot water that sometimes erupts, sending steam and hot water into the air. It is also known as hot spring.

Mt. St Helens (1980-1986)

TYPES OF ERUPTIONS

By March 25, the earthquake swarm increased to its maximum energy release with 47 earthquakes.

On may 18, Mt. St Helens was shaken by an earthquake, and ice falls occurred within the crater, this was immediately followed by an enormous explosion of expanding steam and volcanic gases.

Following the great eruption, Mt. St Helens produced 5 smaller explosive eruptions during the summer.

ICELANDIC TYPE

Skamania County, Washington, United States.

HAWAIIAN TYPE

STROMBOLIAN TYPE

Effusions of molten basaltic lava that flows from long parallel fissures.

NATURAL

DISASTERS

Fluid lava flows summit and radial fissures to from shield volcanoes.

floods

Moderate bursts of gases that eject incandescent lava in cyclical small eruptions.

LAVA

The term lava is applied to molten magma after it has erupted to the surface.

VULCANIAN TYPE

Lava

Outside volcano

PELEAN TYPE

Magma

Inside volcano

PLINIAN TYPE

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry.

Moderate explosion of gas laden with volcanic ash.

This mixture form clouds and rapidly ascend.

Explosive outburst that generate dense mixtures of hot volcanic fragments and gas. The lava flow is very heavy, fast and destroys valleys really quickly.

Is intense and violent. The gases and volcanic fragments appear like a vertical rocket blast.

-Rise into the atmosphere-

Disadvantages

Advantages

• Dam failures are catastrophic if they are damaged.
• In some cases causes kills animals and people.

• Provide water.
• Hydropower generation.
• Collect water and retain it
• They suppress flood.