Magnetic
Levitation
EMS
The Electromagnetic System
The magnetic levitation of an object achieved by constantly altering the strength of a magnetic field produced by electromagnets using a feedback loop. In most cases the levitation effect is mostly due to permanent magnets as they don't have any power dissipation, with electromagnets only used to stabilize the effect.
Attractive Levitation (German)
Advantages
Little Noise
Comfort - Smooth ride
Speed - up to 310 mph
Safety - Vehicle is locked onto guide way
Low Maintenance cost - few moving parts
Disadvantages
Heavy (weight is 45 tons)
Unstable because the electromagnets want to pull themselves into the underside of the guide way
Could eliminate some short haul airlines
EDS
Electrodynamics System
EDS is a form of magnetic levitation in which there are conductors which are exposed to time-varying magnetic fields. This induces eddy currents in the conductors that creates a repulsive magnetic field which holds the two objects apart.
Repulsive Levitation (Japanese)
Advantages
Not dependent on imported oil
Will provide all weather operation
Will relieve crowded highways, crowded airports and airways
Low Pollution - electrically powered
Disadvantages
The large gap between the vehicle and the guide way can cause poor ride quality.
The passenger compartment needs to be heavily shielded to protect the passengers from the super conducting magnets which are strong enough to stop watches and pacemakers
Will cost more to construct than the EMS
Could eliminate some short haul airlines
The resistance to motion that occurs when two surfaces in contact slide against passed each other.
Static Friction
Static Friction is the frictional force that resists the initial movement of an object.
Kinetic Friction
When an object is moving at a constant speed, the force of friction acting on it is Kinetic Friction.
Friction Reduction
When magnetic levitation is used to suspend a terrestrial vehicle, then mechanical friction is significantly reduced.
Coefficient of Friction
The force of applied object divided by its weight or mass gives you the co-efficient of friction
Magnetic Field
A region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts.
Magnetic Lines of Flux
They emanate from the North Pole and enter the South Pole creating a closed loop. These lines surround the magnet and emanate in all directions.
Magnetic Lines of Force
Curved lines used to represent a magnetic field, drawn such that the number of lines is related to the strength of the magnetic field at a given point and the tangent of any curve at a particular point is along the direction of magnetic force at that point.
Laws of Magnetic Poles
5 Facts:
1. Magnetic lines of force start from the North Pole and end at the South Pole.
2. They are continuous through the body of magnet
3. Magnetic lines of force can pass through iron more easily than air.
4. Two magnetic lines of force can’t intersect each other.
5. They tend to expand laterally.
What is it?
MagLev is a system of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to suspend, guide and propel vehicles with magnets rather than using methods such as wheels, axles and bearings
What does it do?
With MagLev a vehicle is levitated a short distance away from a guideway using magnets to create both lift and thrust. High-speed MagLev trains promise dramatic improvements for human travel if widespread adoption occurs.
- Magnetic Levitation works by using strong magnets that repel from each other.
Design
Process
Input
Process
Output
Evaluate
Input!
Problem?
Prepare a presentation documenting of this method of transportation and promoting the reasons why your design would be the best one. Your maglev model must travel the eight-foot length of the magnetic guide-way with bonus marks for speed. Variables such as weight, shape, distribution of the load, resistance with the track, guidance, height of levitation, number of magnets, and aerodynamics should be considered.
Materials?
- Documents (3 Chapters)
Wire-Cutters/ Scissors
- Tape
- Cardboard
- DC Motor
- 4 Magnets
- 2/4 Wires
- Propeller
Process!
Goal?
Build a MagLev vehicle that is can cross a 8 foot long track
Solution?
After the six sketches, choosing the right one
Understand?
Read all the documents, did all the work sheets, and watched the 2 videos
Construct?
1. Built the base
2. Put the magnets on
3. Built the tower
4. Connected the DC motor and the wires
Evaluate!
There were MANY, MANY, MANY ERRORS!
But i still had to overcome the difficulties and use the "Trial and Error" way.
The End
Magnetism
- Make it levitate high, it will go faster!
- Make the weight EVENLY distributed
- Don't need your vehicle to touch the trail, just the magnets!
- Aesthetics: MAKE IT LOOK GOOD!
possible?
How is this
Output!
- MagLev Test
- Vehicle
- Completed Chapters
μ
Friction
N = Mass of the Object (unit Newton’s)
F = Applied Force (unit Newton’s)