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Roman Catholic Church VS Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church

Causes of the Conflict

Roman Catholic Church

  • Iconoclasm led to the destruction of many religious art
  • Pope Leo III did not see Empress Irene as a true leader so he crowned Charlemagne holy emperor
  • Cardinal Humbert went to Constantinople and laid down a bull excommunicating Cerularius, this was a symbolic act and showed that the schism was complete
  • Byzantines thought that Christianity was more than a religion but was the foundation of their empire
  • Orthodox- "in agreement with right belief"
  • Church and gov. was combined into one powerful body
  • 200,000,000 followers
  • Formed in the 1st-5th centuries C.E.
  • People believed that sacred pictures brought them closer to god

  • Formed in the 1st - 5th centuries C.E.
  • Originated in the Roman - Latin Empire
  • 1,000,000,000 followers
  • After Jesus' life, death, and resurrection, the bishops formed a "universal" church
  • Catholic Christianity began illegal in the Roman Empire in it's earliest days, but within 300 years it became legal and was recognized as the official religion of the Empire

Similarities

  • Belief in Holy Trinity (father, son, and holy spirit)
  • Crucifixion and resurrection of Christ
  • Eternal life
  • Future return of Christ and the creation of his everlasting kingdom
  • Once one single church
  • United in a single faith, Christianity

Eastern Church Hierarchy

Roman Church Hierarchy

  • Orthodox clergy was ranked in order of importance
  • Emperor held the supreme authority
  • Patriarch didn't claim strong authority instead he was "first among equals"
  • Most priests were married
  • Bishops could only rise from ranks of unmarried clergy
  • Pope was the head of the church
  • Cardinal appointed by the pope
  • Archbishop is a bishop of the main
  • Bishop is like a priest ordained to his/her station
  • Priest an ordained minister who can administer most of the sacraments

Differences

  • Roman Catholic Church's highest bishop is the pope who they believe is infallible
  • Eastern Orthodox Church just has a council of bishops because they don't believe any bishop is without fault
  • Roman priests cant marry but many Eastern priests already are
  • Controversy over use of icons (East influenced by Pope Leo III)
  • Different languages (West-Latin, East-Greek)

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