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Communism in Albania and the Troublesome 1980-90s

  • Many of the assassinations sparked revolts, protests and mixed reactions.

  • The 90s were tough times for the young government however the protests came to an end and new relations and policies were passed to bring the country out of its starvation and poverty.

  • The individuals who served in the early democratic party and placed their lives on the line to ensure that democracy would survive were offered gratitude for their service and decorated as honorary citizens.

  • Today Albania continues to function as a democracy and come a long way since the turbulent times of the 80s and 90s and still is on the path to integration in the EU.

Relations with the Soviet Union

Relations with China

  • Enver Hoxha established a Stalinist style economy which included:
  • collective farming
  • the redistribution of land
  • eliminating private property
  • nationalizing industry and placing all trade under domestic control

  • Trading with the Soviet Union was important and was a great economic boost for Albania

  • However, due to the increasing anti Marxist-Leninist ideas held by by Soviet Union Leader Nikita Khrushchev, Hoxha cut off ties with the Soviet Union in 1961.

Students in hunger strike 1991

  • China grew interested in Albania since it was looking to gain a foothold in Europe.

  • The relationship between the two nations was ideal and likewise trade between the two countries helped Albania's economy and industry.

  • New power plants and new industrial enterprises were underway.

  • In 1978, relations with China came to an end and a new policy of closing the borders of the country preventing visitors from neighboring countries to come into the country was implemented.

  • My family recalls these times as very stagnant and tension was widespread in the Albania.

February 1991 demonstration in Tirana

Fall of Communism

By the 1980s, tensions were very high in the country due to the state of the economy and state of the nation.

Many individuals were motivated to make change through demonstrations and strikes.

My mother attended one of the demonstrations in her own hometown in the early 90s where the statue of the communist leader Enver Hoxha was brought down. ( during this time the country was led by Ramiz Alia.

My uncle from my father's side was a journalist at the time in the Capital where the main demonstration of overthrowing the bust of the communist leader took place in February 1991 as well as later protests that occurred in 1997 .

Statue of leader Enver Hoxha in main square in Tirana

Threats faced by the New Government

Emerging Democracy

  • The late 90s were turbulent times and many individuals were killed in the events of the 1997 revolution.

  • The 1997 revolution was due to the state of bankruptcy the country was entering.

  • One important figure in the democratic party, Azem Hajdari, was assassinated by an opposing member in the socialist party.

  • My grandfather too was targeted as a party member and assassins came into his home where my grandmother and youngest aunt were staying at the time and luckily they survived the attack.

  • This event however has left a great impact on my family and families who experienced similar situations during these turbulent times.

In this portion of the paper, I focused on the role of the young democracy in Albania and my grandfather's involvement as senator from his district.

My grandfather and his colleges, including the president of the new democratic party Sali Berisha attended the protests of the 90s and worked to put the new government system right on track.

At this time, my grandfather took part in many public speeches to strengthen the new party and encourage the people's involvement and cooperation.

conclusion

The Beginning

  • The communist party of Albania became very popular after World War II.
  • The party itself was fairly new since it had been established in 1941
  • It wasn't until 1945 that the party took control and was headed by the leader Enver Hoxha

Communist Propaganda for the ninth congressional meeting for Partia e Punës e Shqipërisë,

Communist Party Actions

  • Early on, the party focused on strengthening the economy of the country though collective farming, modeled after Stalin.

  • In doing so the party hoped they could teach the people to have respect for the land and how it can supply food and materials the people need.

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