Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

The Al- Anfal Campaign

Background:

Genocide and Gendercide

Who was involved

  • World War 1 ends and the Treaty of Sèvres is signed between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire, promising the Kurds a land of their own.

Iraqi Ba'ath Government

Kurdish People

(And other minorities)

United States

Genocide: The deliberate killing of a large group of people, esp. those of a particular group or nation.

  • Kurdish mountain homeland is divided into four new states, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and the Soviet Union, as well as Iran

The Kurds

  • Feared the spread of Islam
  • United States supplied Saddam Hussein
  • Kurdish have been around since distant antiquity

Approx. 20-25 million people

  • Largest group of people without a state of their own

Notable People:

  • The lands located in Iraq that the Kurdish lived in were rich in oil resources, resulting in conflict with the Government in Baghdad
  • Later captured Saddam Hussein and hung him
  • Saddam Hussein
  • President/Dictator of Iraq's Ba'ath Regime

Gendercide: The systematic killing of members of a specific sex

  • Opposed Israel and the spread of Islam
  • Hanged on December 30, 2006

Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq (KDP)

  • Ali Hassan al-Majid

(Chemical Ali)

  • Ba'ath Party offers Kurds rights/land for themselves, but starts expelling Kurdish farmers for poor Arab tribesmen
  • Resistance organization that rises up against Saddam
  • Cousin to Saddam Hussein
  • Governor of Northern Iraq and equivalent in power to Saddam Hussein in the Northern region.
  • Secretary General of the Northern Bureau of the Ba'ath Party
  • had overall command of the ruthless operations concerning the Kurdish people
  • Two Barzani tribe members led the KDP with only a part of the tribe participating with them
  • KDP tries to fight back, but fails and the Kurdish flee into the mountains
  • Iraq-Iran War
  • al-Majid comes into power and the Anfal operation begins

Why

World's Reaction

Geographical location

  • At the time the genocide occured, no one spoke out
  • Saddam Hussein(and the rest of the Ba'ath regime) wanted to get rid of non-Arab populations so they could control the region for themselves.

Books

  • The World Condemned Saddam Hussein's actions after learning about it

Movies

Interview

Reflection

The Kurds

  • Some of the Kurdish population fought with the Iranians against the Iraq's
  • Northern Iraq
  • Collection of analytical pieces of information and literature pertaining to the treatment of the Kurds throughout history.

Kulajo: My Heart is Darkened

  • Never heard of the al-anfal campaign
  • Six different geographical areas
  • United States originally didn't acknowledge Saddam's genocidal actions. However, eventually the United States took action and helped topple Saddam from power.
  • A documentary on the Anfal genocide, consisting of personal accounts of the events from the point of view of people from a small farming village
  • Kurdish people are outsiders to the Iraqis and seen as a nuisance
  • Surprised at the attrocites committed and the United States's part in them

Kurdistan: Genocide and Rebirth: The destruction of Kurdistan and its rebuilding

  • Didn't even know their was a Kurdish nationality, or that they lacked their own nation, despite there being 20 million of them

Genocide of the Kurds

  • A Kurdish man's personal account of living under the Saddam regime, offering insight upon life in iraq for the Kurdish peopel
  • A subtitled documentary covering the more widespread accounts of the victims of the Anfal Compaign

4:00 to 8:00

Videos

What happened

The Result

  • 8 Iraqi militaristic operation's against the Kurdish people
  • 50,000 to 182,000 Kurds have been killed
  • Each operation, or stage followed roughly the same pattern
  • 4,000 villages destroyed
  • Aerial Bombings and Chemical attacks
  • Military surrounds target area and loots, destroys and sets fire to anything in their path
  • Secret Police search the towns for any surviving Kurds

2. Symbolization

3. Dehumanization

1. Classification

4. Organization

  • The Al-Anfal Campaign Contributed to the United States (military) involvement in Iraq

There is really no symbol placed

on the Kurds.

  • Notable the chemical attack on Halabja where thousands of civilians died
  • Still no Kurdistan state
  • Registering for citizenship gave two options for their nationality, Arab or Kurdish
  • The Kurds are seen as outcasts

since they have no country of their

own.

  • They are stripped of their rights and have freedom
  • The Ba'ath Party
  • Iraqi government led and

organized the attacks

  • 4,000 villages destroyed
  • The Kurds are treated and seen like outcasts.

  • lasted between 1986 and 1989 during the final stages of the Iraq-Iran war.
  • Banned from certain areas, with a shoot-to-kill policy
  • The US unintentionally aided in the genocide by supplying Iraqis with weapons

8. Denial

7. Extermination

6. Preparation

5. Polarization

  • Ali-Hassan Al Majid was outraged at the estimated number of deaths
  • Government on all levels conspired against the Kurdish people
  • Thousands of men were kidnapped and taken to camps
  • Everyone else was either left behind or exiled to desert land with no aid
  • Men, anyone considered old enough to fire a gun, would be captured, tortured, beaten, killed without reason
  • Multiple chem strikes were ordered on innocent civilians
  • Some were also used for chemical testing
  • Anfal celebrated in Iraqi media
Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi