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Our Little Solar System

by Steven Lyons

Sun

Star

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System and is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth.

Distance to Earth: 92.95 million mi

Surface temperature: 5,778 K

Radius: 432,687 mi

Mass: 1.989 × 10^30 kg

Magnitude: -26.74

Absolute magnitude: 4.83

Saturn

Planet

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius about nine times that of Earth.

Radius: 36,184 mi

Distance from Sun: 890.7 million mi

Mass: 5.683 × 10^26 kg (95.16 M⊕)

Length of day: 0d 10h 42m

Gravity: 10.44 m/s²

Moons: Titan, Enceladus, Rhea, Dione, Mimas, Iapetus, Tethys,

Jupiter

Planet

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a giant planet with a mass one-thousandth that of the Sun, but two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined.

Radius: 43,441 mi

Distance from Sun: 483.8 million mi

Mass: 1.898 × 10^27 kg (317.8 M⊕)

Length of day: 0d 9h 56m

Gravity: 24.79 m/s²

Moons: Europa, Ganymede, Io, Callisto, Amalthea, Ananke, More

Neptune

Planet

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is the fourth-largest planet by diameter and the third-largest by mass. Among the giant planets in the Solar System, Neptune is the most dense.

Radius: 15,299 mi

Distance from Sun: 2.795 billion mi

Mass: 1.024 × 10^26 kg (17.15 M⊕)

Length of day: 0d 16h 6m

Moons: Triton, Nereid, Larissa, Naiad, Proteus, Thalassa, Galatea, Despina, Psamathe, Laomedeia, Neso, Halimede, Sao, S/2004 N 1

Discoverers: Johann Gottfried Galle, Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams

Uranus

Planet

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System.

Radius: 15,759 mi

Distance from Sun: 1.787 billion mi

Mass: 8.681 × 10^25 kg (14.54 M⊕)

Length of day: 0d 17h 14m

Discoverer: William Herschel

Moons: Miranda, Titania, Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel, Puck, Cupid, Mab,

Venus

Planet

Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets. It has no natural satellite.

Radius: 3,760 mi

Distance from Sun: 67.24 million mi

Mass: 4.867 × 10^24 kg (0.815 M⊕)

Length of day: 116d 18h 0m

Gravity: 8.87 m/s²

Surface area: 177.7 million mi²

Earth

Planet

Earth is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

Radius: 3,959 mi

Age: 4.543 billion years

Distance from Sun: 92.96 million mi

Mass: 5.972 × 10^24 kg

Area: 196.9 million mi²

Population: 7.125 billion (2013) World Bank

Mars

Planet

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury.

Radius: 2,106 mi

Length of day: 1d 0h 40m

Distance from Sun: 141.6 million mi

Mass: 6.39 × 10^23 kg (0.107 M⊕)

Gravity: 3.711 m/s²

Moons: Phobos, Deimos

Pluto

Our favorite dwarf planet since 2006

Pluto is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond Neptune. It was the first Kuiper belt object to be discovered.

Radius: 736.9 mi

Discovered: February 18, 1930

Gravity: 0.62 m/s²

Discoverer: Clyde Tombaugh

Orbits: Sun

Moons: Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, Styx

Mercury

Planet

Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System and the one closest to the Sun, with an orbital period of about 88 Earth days, which is much faster than any other planet in the Solar System.

Radius: 1,516 mi

Distance from Sun: 35.98 million mi

Mass: 3.285 × 10^23 kg (0.055 M⊕)

Length of day: 58d 15h 30m

Orbital period: 88 days

Gravity: 3.7 m/s²

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