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Halberstam, pg 41
"Gender policing in public restrooms, furthermore, and gender performances wtihin public spaces produce radically reconfigured notions of proper gender and map new genders onto a utopian vision of radically different bodies and sexualities."
"Nonce Taxonomies are categories that we use daily to make sense of our worlds but that work so well that we actually fail to recognize them."
Halberstam, bottom of pg 8
Is there a line between too few and too many labels for identities?
Femininity
Masculinity
Female Masculinity
The Butch Identity
Where does the lesbian oppression of the butch identity stem from?
"...in alternative models of gender variation, female masculinity is not simply the opposite of female femininity, nor is it a female version of male masculinity"
"I ran a short story writing group. One woman had passed her story around to some of her roommates, and they'd felt that two of the characters...were too butch....Other women were making her change her story, a story she was writing from her own experience. They were essentially saying to her that her experience of life was invalid."
"Being butch was really bad….When I would open the car door for somebody, I’d get screamed at. When I lit somebody’s cigarette, I’d get my face slapped. My lighting someone’s cigarette was the most oppressive thing on earth."
Coming up Butch, pg 107
Coming Up Butch, pg 112
How does the idea of butch discussed differ from what we think of today?
Halberstam, top of pg 29
Tomboyism
"But even as a cursory survey of popular cinema confirms, the image of tomboy can be tolerated only within a narrative of blossoming womanhood."
Halberstam, pg 6
What is "tomboyism"?
What are the 'problems' associated with it?
"...female masculinity is generally received by hetero- and homo-normative cultures as a pathological sign of misidentification and maladjustment"
Halberstam, top of pg 9
Gender Deviance
Tomboyism
In all it's glory
Identity
The Merriam-Webster definition is as follows: Possession of qualities traditionally associated with men
The Bathroom Problem
Do you agree? Why or why not?
How does Halberstam define masculinity?
*gasp*
What are other 'types' of masculinity are mentioned?
"The bathroom, as we know it, actually represents the crumbling edifice of gender in the twentieth century"
Halberstam, pg. 25, 1st par.
Jack/Judith Halberstam
How are the various 'masculinities' dependent on one another?
Author of 'An Introduction to Female Masculinity' in addition to four other books and countless articles and papers
Professor of American Studies and Ethnicity, Gender Studies, and Comparative Literature at USC
Femininity
The Merriam-Webster definition of femininity is "the quality of being female; womanliness" .
Do you agree?
"The bathroom problem... severely limits their ability to circulate in public spaces and actually brings them into contact with physical violence as a result of having violated a cardinal rule of gender: one must be readable at a glance."
Popular lecturer on the following topics: Queer failure, sex and media, subcultures, visual culture, gender variance, popular film, and animation
"They said, 'You don't have to be strong, you're a girl.' That was a big disappointment to me. I wanted to be strong."
Coming Up Butch, bottom pg 97
Gender Binary in Bathrooms
"If adolescence for boys represents a rite of passage....of social power, for girls adolescence is a lesson in restrain, punishment, and repression."
All biographical info obtained from the following website : http://www.jackhalberstam.com/bio/
Halberstam, pg 6
What did other readings have to say about femininity?
Anzaldua
Lorde
Halberstam, bottom pg 23
Debbie Bender & Linnea Due
The two mysterious women featured in 'Coming Up Butch'
"The frequency with which gender-deviant 'women' are mistaken for men in public bathrooms suggests that a large number of feminine women spend a large amount of time and energy policing masculine women"
Debbie, at the time of the discussion, was a maintenance worker in Oakland, CA
Linnea was a novelist and journalist living in Berkeley, CA
Halberstam, pg 24, 1st par
"The women's room problem indicates multiplicity of gender displays even within the supposedly stable category of 'woman'. "
How does the bathroom problem act as a model for gender binary in a heteronormative socitey?
Halberstam, top of pg 27
Has the bathroom problem changed? Stayed the same? How?
A thrilling discussion lead by Sam Schrama and Amy Zwarycz