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During the rule of Reza Shah (Old Shah) (1924-1941) considerable emphasis was put on women's education, and many took to protesting against hijab, stating that in the West, it has become the symbol of the backwardness of their country. And then in 1936, the Shah's modernization program banned all head-gears other than European hats. Many women embraced the change. On the other hand, more traditional women could only stay at home because they did not want to appear immodest in the public without their hijab.
Hijab is a controversial subject in Europe and North America .
Many view it as the symbol of women inequality and suppression in the Islamic religion.
Others see it as a concealment of identity.
And yet more others place equal signs between hijab and terrorists
In 1979, the Islamic Revolution took place, led by Ayatollah Khomeini. Within two weeks of his coming to power, Khomeini lowered the age of maturity for girls to be nine (girls could be married and convicted as adult for crimes at the age of nine). And within two years, declared that all women (even non-muslim, foreign women) needed to wear hijab in public. There were people protesting against this drastic change, as well as people supporting.
"For many people, the hijab is a symbol of oppression and divisiveness." - BBC News
"As a Western feminist, I have difficulty viewing this practice as anything other than an overt subjugation and marginalization of women." - Julia Lutstick (College student in Philadelphia, USA)
"The hijab is a symbol of oppression and domination." - anonymous on Debate.org
"I figured the only way to end discrimination is if we ask our fellow sisters [non-muslim women] to experience hijab themselves." - (From BBC News) Nazma Khan, Organizer of World Hijab Day (Feb. 1, 2014)
Do you think it is necessary for Muslim women to wear hijab? Why or why not?
Hijab: an Arabic word meaning barrier or partition. However, in Islam the meaning of this word also extends to the principle of modesty. It refers not only to the physical veil, but also to the behaviour of men and women.
"In my view, many women in our society who do not respect our hijab laws are virtuous. Our emphasis should be on the virtue."
Hassan Rohani - Current President of Iran (Aug. 3, 2013)
A woman wearing a hijab
Now, it is a word commonly used for the veil that Muslim women wear.
Turkey
Iran
Afganistan
Morocco
Lybia
Algeria
India
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Chad
Is it kind of losing the point of wearing hijab when women try to make it more fashionable?
Muslim countries where the hijab was banned in public schools:
What kind of issues occur when laws are based on religious beliefs?
Muslim Countries where the hijab is still enforced today:
Material:
Direct excerpt of the Iranian law:
Article 638- Anyone who explicitly violates any religious taboo in public beside being punished for the act
should also be imprisoned from ten days to two months, or should be flogged (74 lashes). Note- women who appear in public without a proper hijab should be imprisoned from ten days to two months or pay a fine of 50,000 to 500,000 Ryal.
Text Sources:
Laws
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5382946.stm
http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2008/06/200861502253559528.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10684359
http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/101228
http://mehr.org/Islamic_Penal_Code_of_Iran.pdf
http://islam.about.com/od/law/a/sources.htm
http://www.billionbibles.org/sharia/sharia-law.html
http://www.rferl.org/content/Irans_Basij_Force_Mainstay_Of_Domestic_Security/1357081.html
A brief History
The Islamic & the World View
Hoodfar, Homa. "Iran Chamber Society: Iranian Society: The Women's Movement in Iran: Women at the Crossroads of Secularization and Islamization." Iran Chamber Society: Iranian Society: The Women's Movement in Iran: Women at the Crossroads of Secularization and Islamization. N.p., 1999. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-the-hijab-be-banned-in-schools-public-buildings-or-society-in-general
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21283301
http://www.academia.edu/236875/The_History_and_Evolution_of_the_Hijab_in_Iran
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/02/iran-president-hassan-rouhani-progressive-views