Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading content…
Transcript

The History of Hijab

The Views of the Iranian Government and the Iranians

By: Paul Wang, Angel Chu, Edward Feng and Morris Hsieh

The Views of the Rest of the World

During the rule of Reza Shah (Old Shah) (1924-1941) considerable emphasis was put on women's education, and many took to protesting against hijab, stating that in the West, it has become the symbol of the backwardness of their country. And then in 1936, the Shah's modernization program banned all head-gears other than European hats. Many women embraced the change. On the other hand, more traditional women could only stay at home because they did not want to appear immodest in the public without their hijab.

Hijab is a controversial subject in Europe and North America .

Many view it as the symbol of women inequality and suppression in the Islamic religion.

Others see it as a concealment of identity.

And yet more others place equal signs between hijab and terrorists

In 1979, the Islamic Revolution took place, led by Ayatollah Khomeini. Within two weeks of his coming to power, Khomeini lowered the age of maturity for girls to be nine (girls could be married and convicted as adult for crimes at the age of nine). And within two years, declared that all women (even non-muslim, foreign women) needed to wear hijab in public. There were people protesting against this drastic change, as well as people supporting.

Hijab

Quotes

"For many people, the hijab is a symbol of oppression and divisiveness." - BBC News

"As a Western feminist, I have difficulty viewing this practice as anything other than an overt subjugation and marginalization of women." - Julia Lutstick (College student in Philadelphia, USA)

"The hijab is a symbol of oppression and domination." - anonymous on Debate.org

"I figured the only way to end discrimination is if we ask our fellow sisters [non-muslim women] to experience hijab themselves." - (From BBC News) Nazma Khan, Organizer of World Hijab Day (Feb. 1, 2014)

Do you think it is necessary for Muslim women to wear hijab? Why or why not?

Hijab: an Arabic word meaning barrier or partition. However, in Islam the meaning of this word also extends to the principle of modesty. It refers not only to the physical veil, but also to the behaviour of men and women.

"In my view, many women in our society who do not respect our hijab laws are virtuous. Our emphasis should be on the virtue."

Reza Shah Pahlavi

So what is women's equality and rights? We cannot force our "Western" values, what we think is women's equality and rights onto people who don't share the same backgrounds as us. Obviously, what they think is equality will differ from our view, and we certainly cannot be so arrogant as to think that the world should follow what our beliefs are and that we are "helping" the others by "civilizing" and "liberating" them.

Hassan Rohani - Current President of Iran (Aug. 3, 2013)

And declaring a law - whether to ban hijab or enforce it - is not freedom. True freedom is when women can choose for themselves if they want to wear hijab or if they not.

Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini

A woman wearing a hijab

The Law

Now, it is a word commonly used for the veil that Muslim women wear.

Fashion

  • The Sharia law is a strict set of regulations based on the moralities and teachings of the Quran. They are also commonly referred to as the islamic laws.
  • As the hijab is specifically mentioned within the Quran [Noble Quran 24:30-31], it is also included.
  • Iran's religious police (basiji) was in charge of enforcing the Sharia law.

Turkey

Iran

Afganistan

Morocco

Lybia

Algeria

India

Saudi Arabia

Sudan

Chad

  • Hijab has gone into the fashion industry.
  • lots of hijab with different colors and different types of fabric

Hijab in the World

Consideration

Is it kind of losing the point of wearing hijab when women try to make it more fashionable?

  • Muslim women are dressing more fashion

Muslim countries where the hijab was banned in public schools:

  • Iran (1936) - Now enforced
  • Tunisia (1981) - No more ban
  • Turkey (1997) - No more ban
  • Syria (2010)

What kind of issues occur when laws are based on religious beliefs?

Muslim Countries where the hijab is still enforced today:

  • Afghanistan
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Iran

How to Wear a Hijab

Material:

  • a piece of fabric
  • pins or clips
  • al amirah

Bibliography

  • There are several ways to wear a hijab. I will only show you two ways.

Direct excerpt of the Iranian law:

Article 638- Anyone who explicitly violates any religious taboo in public beside being punished for the act

should also be imprisoned from ten days to two months, or should be flogged (74 lashes). Note- women who appear in public without a proper hijab should be imprisoned from ten days to two months or pay a fine of 50,000 to 500,000 Ryal.

Text Sources:

Laws

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5382946.stm

http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2008/06/200861502253559528.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10684359

http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/101228

http://mehr.org/Islamic_Penal_Code_of_Iran.pdf

http://islam.about.com/od/law/a/sources.htm

http://www.billionbibles.org/sharia/sharia-law.html

http://www.rferl.org/content/Irans_Basij_Force_Mainstay_Of_Domestic_Security/1357081.html

History and Origin

A brief History

The Islamic & the World View

Hoodfar, Homa. "Iran Chamber Society: Iranian Society: The Women's Movement in Iran: Women at the Crossroads of Secularization and Islamization." Iran Chamber Society: Iranian Society: The Women's Movement in Iran: Women at the Crossroads of Secularization and Islamization. N.p., 1999. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-the-hijab-be-banned-in-schools-public-buildings-or-society-in-general

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21283301

http://www.academia.edu/236875/The_History_and_Evolution_of_the_Hijab_in_Iran

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/02/iran-president-hassan-rouhani-progressive-views

  • During the 1979 Islamic Revolution, many women deliberately chose to wear the Hijab, as a symbol of opposition to the Shah's regime.

Picture Sources:

  • "Say to the believing man that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty... And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty... that they should draw their veils over their bosoms..." [Noble Quran 24:30-31]
  • The "Sawah" movement in the 1970s was a movement initiated by young Muslims to restore their faith in the Quran. They voluntarily wanted to wear the Hijab to show their faith.
  • More Islamic women joined in the movement, and it soon spread across the Middle East.
  • As the movement progressed, the objectives shifted from promoting modesty and Islamic Identity into an identity for whether a person supports their own Islamic nation or opposing western influences which often have evil connotations.

  • Smart, Sheila. Http://www.flickriver.com/photos/sheila_smart/2645888996/. Digital image. Flickriver: Sheila Smart Photography's Young Woman in Hijab. N.p., 29 Mar. 2005. Web. 13 Sept. 2013.
  • http://www.englishbaby.com/findfriends/view_photo/349143
  • ETIQUETTE’S OF TOUCHING/READING QURAN. Digital image. Al Quran Classes RSS2. N.p., 18 Apr. 2013. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.
  • Hijab. Digital image. IamStylishFashion: Hijab. N.p., 30 June 2012. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.
  • Steinmetz, Thomas. "New Iranian President Hassan Rouhani Wants to Repair Relations with the West." New Iranian President Hassan Rouhani Wants to Repair Relations with the West. N.p., 15 June 2013. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.
  • Lydie. The Glorious Qur'an. http://most-tranquil.blogspot.ca/2010/06/glorious-quran.html
  • Reza Shah Pahlavi. Digital image. Reza Shah Pahlavi. Soylent Communications, 2013. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
  • Romedas. Ayatollah Khomeini. Digital image. : THE GREATEST REVOLUTION OF ALL TIME. N.p., 8 Jan. 2011. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
  • The Hijab generated much controversy after the September 11 attacks, as the Hijab prompted stereotyping .

Discussion Question

  • Since people changed their minds of wearing the Hijab from it being an identity into a symbol of anti-oppression, do you think there should be a point in wearing it anyway? And people can't really make up their minds and hold onto their own values, right?
Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi