Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Limitations

Policy Implications

  • Redlining and the Federal Housing Administration
  • Chicago Area Projects
  • Neighborhood programs that focus on cohesiveness and organization to control deviant behavior of its residents
  • Difficult to know if research has verified social disorganization as an explanation of crime
  • Doesn't indicate how much crime is actually going on in the inner city - just that crime is occurring at a high rate
  • Doesn't explain crime going on in Zones 4 and 5
  • Tautological: crime and deviance are high inside an area, so the area is socially disorganized --> the area is socially disorganized, so there is crime and deviance
  • Are crime rates due to higher rates of criminal behavior or due to police disparities?
  • What does social disorganization actually indicate?
  • Not really a theory of delinquency
  • Social disorganization describes other theories of crime: anomie/strain, differential association, self-control

Social

Disorganization Theory

Framework

Fundamental Assumption

  • Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay's study of male juveniles

- Zone 1: central business district

- Zone 2: transition zone; immigrants, poor,

deteriorating neighborhoods being invaded by

manufacturing industries

- Zone 3: workingmen's homes

- Zone 4: residential zone

- Zone 5: commuter zone

  • Absence or breakdown of social control
  • Concentrated Disadvantage
  • Bursik, Sampson, & Groves

- New model that measured external factors and

key components of social disorganization

- Collective Efficacy

- Social Capital

Crime and deviance occur when individuals reside in communities where there is greater disorganization of social characteristics and a lack of informal social controls

Foundation

Structural Theory

Adolphe Quetelet

Andre-Michel Guerry

  • French astronomer, mathematician, statistician, and sociologist
  • Developed the body mass index scale
  • Published Of the Development of the Propensity to Crime
  • Studied data on the number of individuals charged with crime, types of crimes committed, the time of year and location of crimes, age and sex of individuals accused
  • Discovered correlations between rates of crime and many social characteristics: use of alcohol, season and climate, age, sex, education, poverty, and occupation
  • Criminal behavior followed a pattern and regularity that can be explained by the characteristics of the group that produced it
  • French lawyer and statistician
  • Studied under Quetelet
  • Known as the founder of moral statistics, which led to the development of criminology, sociology, and modern social science
  • Published statistical maps that depicted geographical areas in France where individuals charged with crime resided along with other data (education levels, illegitimate births, charitable donations, etc.) --> hotspots??
  • Data showed that criminals resided in wealthier districts with higher education levels
  • Macro-level theory
  • Individuals and the activity of the community

Robert E. Park and the Theory of Urban Ecology

Ernest W. Burgess and Concentric Zone Theory

  • American urban sociologist
  • Helped develop the Chicago School of Sociology
  • Studied human ecology, race relations, migration, assimilation, social movements, and social disorganization
  • Introduction to the Science of Sociology (1922)
  • Cities were environments like those found in nature
  • Cities were governed by the same forces of Darwinian evolution that happens in ecosystems
  • Competition: created by groups fighting for urban resources which led to a division of urban spaces
  • Succession: residents of a city become more affluent and move outward from the city center

Zone 5

Zone 4

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone I

  • Urban Growth: various areas inside the city expand radially, creating pressure on surrounding areas to expand further outward
  • As the city grows, each inner ring invades the ring that immediately surrounds it, setting off the process of invasion, domination, and succession
Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi