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Is Authoritative Teaching Beneficial for All Students?

A Multi-Level Model of the Effects of Teaching Style on Interest and Achievement

Takeaways for Teachers

  • Each student is unique and will have their own learning styles that work for them
  • Different cultural and ethnic backgrounds to consider
  • High Demand is deemed important
  • Shows the student that the teacher has high expectations for them to succeed

The Study

Conclusion

  • Published in 2011 by Bridget V. Dever and Stuart A. Karabenick
  • The effects of high academic press & caring for students (authoritative) on interest and achievement
  • Were these effects moderated based on students' ethnicity/cultural background?

"The authoritarian teaching style predicted the most adaptive pattern of achievement growth for all students, regardless of ethnicity"

Variables

Participants

  • 3,602 students in 98 classrooms
  • 4 public middle schools & 2 public high schools
  • Ethnically diverse, working class area in California
  • 51% male, 76% Hispanic, 17% Vietnamese, 7% Caucasian / Non- Hispanic
  • 42% Grades 7-8, 57.3% Grades 9-12
  • Higher levels of teacher caring were related to lower levels of achievement gains for all students
  • Academic press positively predicted both interest and achievement gains for all students, regardless of ethnicity
  • High Academic Press
  • "High expectations by the teacher for a student or class of students"
  • Teacher Caring
  • "Warmth or the affective relationship a teacher exhibits toward a student or class of students"

Procedure

  • Data about teacher caring, academic press, and student interest was collected through self-report surveys administered in students' math classes
  • Measures of mathematical achievement were based on scores on a statewide standardized test
  • Information about students' ethnicity and highest level of parental education was obtained from district data files (control variables)

Results

Parenting Styles

Interest

Examples from Professional Teaching and Learning Experiences

Agree/Disagree?

Hispanic students:

Baumrind, 1971

  • Academic press positively predicted interest in math
  • Teacher caring = trend approaching significance, but not did not positively predict interest

Vietnamese students:

  • Most interested when they had a teacher perceived lower in caring
  • Agree:
  • Hypothesis - authoritative style is best
  • No one style fits all
  • Cultural background and ethnic differences
  • Students from various cultures might define "teacher caring" in different ways
  • Limitations of the study
  • More research needed
  • Solely based on mathematics, maybe authoritarian teaching works best for that subject where authoritative would work better for another subject
  • Small sample of Caucasian students
  • Disagree:
  • Teacher caring relates to lower levels of achievement

Achievement

Authoritative + responsive + demanding

Authoritarian - responsive + demanding

Permissive + responsive - demanding

Neglectful - responsive - demanding

Academic press + predicted achievement

Teacher caring - predicted achievement

  • As a student:
  • Teacher caring + high demand = favorite and most successful classes (combination of the two)
  • This class for example - teachers understanding of personal situations, caring about our success
  • As a volunteer in a first grade classroom:
  • Teacher caring is extremely important
  • One of my little first graders started crying when he got the answer wrong - need teacher caring to feel confident and accept mistakes as "okay"

Conclusion : students of authoritative parents were the most "intrinsically motivated and successful in school."

By: Laura Schwartz

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