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Translation technique: Calque

Jousset, Manuela

Souto, Jazmín

Examples

Names of places

• sangre azul - blue-blood

• rascacielos - skycraper

• tarjeta de crédito - credit card

• alta tecnología - high technology

• disco compacto - compact disc

• correo electrónico - electronic mail

• alta resolución - high resolution

• enlace - link (internet)

• ratón - mouse (computer)

• nave espacial - spaceship

For some names, particularly place-names, a standard TL equivalent may exist in the form of calque.

I.e.: the White House

la Casa Blanca

In the absence of a standard calque translation, the option of creating a calque may sometimes be open to the translator.

I.e.: ‘Colombia: país de Eldorado’

‘Colombia: the country of Eldorado’

‘Colombia: the Land of Eldorado’

Types of calque

i.e. Café (French) - coffee

Bazaar (Persian) - market

Definition

• Paronymous calque (or loan word)

• Orthographic calque

• Typographic calque

• Syntactic or structural calque

i.e. names of people, places and ethnicities

i.e. capital letters, italics

It's a special kind of borrowing where a language borrows a word or an expression from another language and translates literally each of its elements.

“One of the ways in which a language renews its lexicon”

i.e. 'in order to' - en orden a

'to find guilty' - encontrar culpable

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