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Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia

Basal Ganglia

Located in the subcortex, make up majority of subcoritcal grey matter

  • 3 large paired nuclei

Important for the regulation of voluntary and involuntary movements.

  • receives input from cortex and output to thalamus, with many intercortical white matter connections

Caudate nucleus

Runs adjacent to lateral ventricle and shaped along it

  • ends above inferior horn

Globus Pallidus

Putamen

Medial to putamen with internal and external part

  • Many white matter connection before thalamus

Lentiform Nucleus = Putamen + globus pallidus

Connected to head and body of caudate nucleus

  • Striations

Medial to insular cortex

Striatum = Caudate + Putamen

Indirect Pathway

Runs from the striatum - lateral globus pallidus - subthalamic nuclei - medial globus pallidus - VA and VL thalamic nuclei

Important for the inhibition of motor movement

Huntington's Disease

A progressive degenerative deterioration of the neurons in the striatum.

  • This leads to the inability to regulate the inhibition of motor movement (indirect pathway)
  • Chorea

Symptoms can occur in any stage of life, but commonly appears in 30 to 40yrs of age.

  • Mood changes often predate motor
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