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Rural and Urban Disparities in India

Educational Disparities

The change in literacy rates for India's states from 2001 to 2011, with the 0-6 year olds excluded. The colours are: red (75% and below), ochre (75-80%), yellow (80-85%), lime green (85-90%) and green (90% and above). Maps: Census of India 2011

Bibliography

  • http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/study-reveals-rural-india-gets-only-13rd-of-hospital-beds/article4931844.ece
  • http://gabrielprojectmumbai.org/Gabriel_Project_Mumbai.html
  • http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/02/22/india-growing-inequality-and-destructive-development/
  • http://www.oneindia.com/india/pradhan-mantri-jan-dhan-yojana-great-success-pumps-rs-5-000-crore-in-banks-1553864.html
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL
  • http://www.indiaspend.com/viznomics/75-million-bank-accounts-for-indias-poor-and-counting-97353
  • http://careerride.com/view.aspx?id=16939
  • http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/society/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-making-india-clean-more
  • http://indiaopines.com/swachh-bharat-clean-india-movement/
  • http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/swach-bharat-drive-may-give-economy-rs-1-65-lakh-cr-boost/article1-1253941.aspx
  • https://makanaka.wordpress.com/tag/town/
  • http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/income-inequality-poorrich-gap-growing-in-india-asiapacific-says-unescap/1295313

-Children are not given their right to education in rural areas as child labour is very prominent feature. The parents believe that the child must help them in the field for agriculture rather than get educated.

-In 2001 literacy rates were 23% in 490 districts like (Madhya/Uttar Pradesh) and in the other 95 districts it was below 23%.

-In urban areas such as Mumbai,Kerala and Bangalore the literacy rates were 57.2% in 2001.

-By 2011 there was a big difference in the literacy rates of many rural parts of India specially central India, as literacy rates went to a soaring 75% in 490 districts and 40% in the other 95 districts.

-Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu had an approximate 900 educated women per 1000 men.

THANK YOU

Health Disparity

  • The physical accessibility of public or private healthcare facilities is a challenge in rural areas
  • In rural areas, to seek OPD ( Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis) treatment 32 percent of rural respondents had to travel over 5 km.
  • On the other hand, in urban areas, 92 percent travelled less than 5 km to get OPD treatment.
  • Cost of treatment at private healthcare facilities is between two and nine times higher than at public facilities.

Rural Areas and Urban Areas

Health Disparity

Rural areas lack:

  • Access to primary healthcare
  • Clean drinking water
  • Sanitation
  • Education facilities
  • Jobs with good wages

  • Most of the doctors in the rural areas migrate to the urban areas in search of better jobs and to get higher wages. This leads to brain drain in the rural areas.
  • A study suggested that in India most people refrain from visiting public hospitals because of the lack of diagnostic facilities, lack of skilled doctors and long waiting hours.
  • Another study revealed that rural India gets only 1/3rd of hospital beds, which is very less as 72% of the population lives in rural areas.
  • The availability of hospitals in rural areas is very less and for basic medical care 30% of people have to travel 5 or more kilometers.

A slum in Mumbai

Urban areas provide:

  • Land and ownership rights
  • Excellent healthcare facilities
  • Better sanitation
  • Clean drinking water
  • Better job opportunities with higher wages
  • Primary and Secondary Education

Clean India Movement

The ‘Clean India Mission’, better known as ‘Swachh Bharat‘ campaign has reached out from the Red Fort to the White House. Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg are also joining hands with India in this mission, in terms of sharing their expertise. It was initiated on the 25th of September 2014.

Navi Mumbai - Modern Mumbai

  • The Government of India is aiming to clean its country starting from the Dharavi Slum in Mumbai (Biggest slum in the world)
  • It aims to do this by:

1. Providing waste bins, drainage systems and toilets.

2.Recycling and separating dry and wet waste.

3. Rehabilitating the dumping grounds.

Looking at the present trend this movement would be a great success due to its viral spread, which also made many celebrities and local people take up the initiative. The hindustan times also said that this movement would help boost India's economy bringing it $2.6 bn.

Gabriel Project Mumbai

The Gabriel Project Mumbai aims to provide a model of hunger relief in the slums of India by simultaneously alleviating hunger and promoting literacy.

It was successful as it :

  • Provided 180,000 nutritious hot meals to 750 children ages 4-14 attending classes in the slums.
  • Enabled 825,000 hours of learning for children living in the slums. These classes were provided by the devoted and skilled teachers of our partner organization REAP.
  • Dedicated over 600 volunteer hours to the children living in the slums, delivering informal classes in English, Math, Science, Geography and Hygiene.

Statistics showing disparities

  • 450 million Indians living in dire poverty, a total equivalent to all the poor in all the countries of Africa combined. (30 cents a day)
  • Forbes list of money-men , places India fourth in the world league table of the greatest number of billionaires – 61 at the last count. With a combined wealth of $250 billion.
  • India is ranked by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) 129th of 146 countries on the adjusted Human development Index.
  • The top 10% of the richer class earn 12 times more than the bottom 10% combined.

PL-Poverty Line

HCR-Headcount ratio

Origin of Disparities

Attempts to reduce disparities

  • India’s economy is split between two main groups of people. The groups aren’t based on religion or race, but the living standards between the urban and rural areas.

  • Ever since India’s independence from Britain in 1947, India’s growth was based to assist the urban areas more than the rural areas by introducing industrialization and urban infrastructure.

  • This advancement left the rural areas in the dust and caused the imbalance between urban and rural societies. Today, both areas have grown closer together because of the new technology and “helpful” influence from the urban society.

  • 74% of India’s population lives in 627,000 villages in rural areas and the other 26% live in urban areas.

What are disparities?

They are the inequalities amongst health ,wealth,development etc in a region.

  • The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 28th August, 2014 with the objective of providing India’s poor with financial services. PMJDY will provide savings bank accounts, loans, insurance and pensions.

Geographical Location and Urban Cities

As per a Times of India report, the data given by the Finance Ministry on November 3 said, "6.98 crore bank accounts had been opened across the country, with Rs 5,300 crore parked in them.

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