Global History Flow Chart

Global History Flow Chart

Globalization (1978-2000)

Post-Cold War "Hot Spots"

Collapse of Communism (1989-1992)

Conflict in the Middle East (1948)

Transition

• Israeli- Palestinian Conflict
• North Korea remains a one party communist dictatorship
• India and Pakistan
• Threat of nuclear war

Transition

• Soviet occupation ended
• Democracy was spreading

• Communist economies showed no signs of catching up
• Economic reforms in China by Deng Xiaoping
• Tiannemen Square

• Large areas of Eastern Europe and central Asia were brought into the world market
• World Wide Web

• Rogue nations continue to pursue goals contrary to world opinion
• Terrorism

• Arab-Israeli War
• Palestinian Muslims and Arab nations unite and attack Israel
• Israel takes the victory and doubles its size
• US & UN side with Israel

• Exports and imports were increased
• Multinational corporations extended business organizations
• Promoted industrial skills and brought more enlightened labor policies
• Protest due to harming the environment
• Global warming

Transition

• Pan Arabism
• Zionism

Colonial Independence/ Collapse of Imperialism

• Lithuania declares independence
• Boris Yeltsin allowed USSR to break up
• CIS- a confederation of independent states

Transition

• Perestroika shocked the unstable economy of USSR
• Glasnost allowed criticism of the government which led to many anti government protest movements

Cold War (1947-1991)

• Eisenhower practiced Brinkmanship
• Domino theory
• CIA
• Space race
• Arms race
• China's Communist Revolution
• Korean War
• Conflict in Vietnam
• SALT and Accords are signed

Transition

• Soviet wanted to spread Communism, rebuild Europe using Soviet materials, and to keep Germany divided
• America wanted to spread democracy and prevent communism, gain new markets and materials, rebuild Europe, and unite Germany
• Collective security (NATO vs. Warsaw Pact)

European Enlightenment (1685-1815)

French Revolution (1789-1799)

Scientific Revolution (1550-1700)

Transition

Nationalist Movements (1750-1914)

Latin American Independence (1808-1826)

Imperialism (1870-1914)

Industrial Revolution (1840-1870)

World War I (1914-1918)

Global Depression (1929-1939)

World War Two (1939-1945)

Russian Revolution (1917)

• John Locke: Right to Revolt, everyone has natural rights (life, liberty, and property), and wrote Two Treatises of Government
• Rousseau: "Will of the majority"
• Montesquieu: separation of powers, checks and balances
• Hobbes: man is naturally evil and selfish and should be controlled by a tough government, the Leviathan
• Voltaire: freedom of speech and religion, Candide

Transition

• Britain and France spent large amounts of money on wars
• Shortages of food and supplies made many lower classes of society question the powers of the king

Transition

• Napelonic Era spread Nationalism
• nationalist movements began

Transition

• The Third Estate wanted to abolish the Estate System
• Declaration of the Rights of Man (set up limited monarchy, representative democracy, and put the church under its control)
• Storming of Bastille takes power from king
• Legaslative Assembly
• Old Regime, Centrists, and Jacobins
• Jacobins (led by Maximilian Robspierre) created National Convention

• The French Revoluton had effects of Spanish, Portugese, and French Colonies
• Once Haiti gained independece, others followed

• Nazi Germany
• Stalinist Russia
• 1929 market crash
• Inflation
• Overproduction of goods- cheap prices
• Reliance on US loans to Europe

• loss of WWI angered the Russians
• serfs were angered by treatment of Czar
• serfs demanded civil rights

• economic depression
• mass unemployment

• Fall of France
• Battle of Britain (1940)
• Atlantic Charter(1941)
• German invasion of the Soviet Union
• Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
• D-Day
• Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• People applied logic and reason to the government
• Questioned absolutism

• machines were used to boost crop output
• crop rotation, fertilizers, and scientific breedng
• surplus of food
• Britain had factors of production (land, labor, and capital)

• Gaurilo Princip (Serbian nationalist) assasinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and Germany declares war on France and Russia
• When Germany invades Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany
• Britains Blockade led to the creation of U-boats by the Germans
• New weapons
• Schlieffen Plan
• Lusitania Incident
• Zimmerman Telegram makes the U.S join the war
• Wilson's Plan- the fourteen points
• League of Nations
• Treaty of Versailles

• Industrial societies focused on areas where the military was weak and had decentralized governments (Asia and Africa)
• Nationalism
• Economic competition
• Ethnocentrism
• Missionary Impulse

• Britain threatened to stop Hitler's agression
• Appeasement
• Munich Pact
• Hitler and Stalin invade Poland
• France and Britain declare war

• Guiseppe Mazzini founded unification movement and established Young Italy
• Guiseppe Garibaldi led Red Shirts to forcefully conquer those who opposed unification
• Count Camilo Cavour was a skilled diplomat who convinved foreign nations to provide aid for unification
• Unified Italy in 1861
• Otto Van Bismarck: "Used Blood and Iron" to achieve unification of Germany, Realpolitik

• militarism: industrialized countries raced to have the biggest and strongest armies
• alliances: Triple Entente and the Central Powers
• imperialism
• nationalism

• Vladimir Lenin (Bolshevik leader) leads serfs to overthrow Czar Nicholas II
• Wanted to run country under communist ideas: "Peace, Land, Bread"
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Russia becomes U.S.S.R
• Lenin took control and absolute power
• Communes
• New Economic Policy
• Smaller republics controlled by Central Authority

• Dutch conquest of Africa: South Africa for rubber, diamonds, and strategic trade location
• Boer War
• Berlin Conference 1884
• Europeans introduced opium to China to gain more tea
• Opium Wars (1839-1842)
• British East India Company expolits India for natral resources
• British attempted to westernize India

• Steam engine perfected by James Watt
• Power Loom- James Hargreaves
• Factories- Samuel Slater
• Mechanical Reaper- Cyrus McCormick
• Drove prices down, increased standard of living, and more work opportunities for women
• Electricity and steel
• Bessemer process

• Enconmienda system (rigid social structure)
• Simon Bolivar: Venezuelan Creole, declared independence for Venezuela, marched army to Colombia and fought Spaniards on the way
• Jose De San Martin: declared independence for Argentina, led his army through Peru and Chile, and ousted Spanish rule
• Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil gained independence

• People used their ability to reason and apply that same logic to questions of government and society
• Copernicus created heliocentric theory
• Galileo provided heliocentric theory
• Kepler invented the astronomy telescope
• Isaac Newton studied laws of physics (gravity)
• William Harvey discovered circulation of blood
• Formulation of scientific method

Transition

• Scholars began to question ideas
• Religious leaders challenged accepted ways of thinking

Classical Age (600 BCE- 600 CE)

Global Absolutism (1550-1800)

Reformation and Counter Reformation (1517-1648)

• Louis XIV of France
• Russia: -Peter the Great modernized and encouraged the arts and learning, -Katherine the Great opened warm water ports for trade in Russia and Europe
• Henry VIII created the Anglican Church in England

Medieval Europe (500 -1450)

Transition to Reformation

Transition

European Renaissance (1450-1750)

Transition to European Renaissance

Transition to Middle Ages

• Classical China - Confucius, Lao Tzu, Shi Huangdi, legalism, Great Wall, Terracotta warriors, Silk Road
• Classical India- Sanksrit, Vedas, Aryans, Hinduism, caste system, Buddhism, Siddartha Guatuma, Ashoka, Ramayana
• Classical Mediterranean- Homer, Athens, Sparta, Macedonia, Alexander the Great, Roman Republic, Roman empire, Constantine, Christianity
• Classical Americas: Olmec and Mayans

• Martin Luther wrote the 95 theses.
• John Calvin organized Protestantism for Calvinists (Predestination vs. Free Will)
• Council of Trent critisized by Protestant Reformers
• The Catholic Reformation reaffirmed Catholic beliefs and promoted education

• Theory of "divine right"
• Centralization of power

• The organization of the church was corrupt and vicious (selling of indulgences)
• The Clergy did not respond to the population's needs

• Diocletian divided the Roman Empire which led to the rise of the Byzantine Empire
• Collapse of W. Europe (Dark Ages)

• The Crusades spread knowledge, trade, and culture throughout Europe.
• Urban Vitality and expanding commerce
• The plague created new oppurtunities

• Central Europe is barbaric.
• Franks become the most dominant group. King Clovis is the first to accept Christianity.
• Carolingian Dynasty takes over. Charlemagne conquered much of W. Europe. He was a great patron of literature and learning. At his death the empire was divided between his sons. It collapsed (900 A.D.)
• Rise of Feudalism

• establishment of Humanism
• focus on Earthly life
• focused on the improvement of science, literature, architecture, and politics.
• influenced by Classical Greek and Roman mythologies