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By: Alexa Markl

Mrs. McDonald

Theology 1-G

12 April 2015

Christological Controversies Timeline

Council of Nicaea (Heresy: Arianism)

Council of Ephesus (Heresy: Nestorianism)

Jesus Christ is born

Jesus Christ dies

  • Jesus Christ died in 33 A.D.
  • He is the Son of God and died for our sins
  • God the Father sent his son down to us so that we can live out our life through him
  • "In this is love, not that we loved God but that he loved us and sent his son be the atoning sacrafice for our sins" (C7 Embrace the Vision).
  • He died on the cross for us and our sins
  • Jesus Christ is born in 0 A.D.
  • Mary the Virgin Mother gave birth to Jesus Christ
  • He is named the Son of God
  • "Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When his mother Mary had been bethrothed to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with the child of the Holy Spirit" (Matt 1:18).
  • Nestorianism- erroneously teaches that Jesus is only a human person joined to the divine person of the Son of God
  • 431 A.D.
  • Proponent: Nestorius of Constantinople
  • instead of the title "Theotokos", he prefers the term "Christokos"- Mary gives birth to Christ, not God
  • "And behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus.....And Mary said unto the angel, How shall this beng I know not a man? And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Spirit shall come upon thee, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee: wherefore also the holy thing which is begotten shall be called the Son of God" (Lk 1:31-35)
  • Opponent: Cyril of Alexandria
  • prefers "Theotokos" over "Christokos"
  • belief: "Jesus’ divinity and humanity are united within Him so closely you could say Mary gave birth to Christ or to God." (notes)
  • Arianism- erroneously teaches that Jesus is not truly God and is not the same substance as the father
  • 325 A.D.
  • Proponent: Arius Priest in Alexandria (c.318)
  • wanted to protect the "oneness of God the Father"
  • afraid Christianity would become poly-theism (notes)
  • claims Son of God is created by God (not as divine as the Father)
  • concept: 1+1+1=3
  • Opponent: Athanaisus Priest/Bishop of Alexandria
  • teaches different ideas than Arius
  • articulated a Christology (teaching of Christ) that supported the fully divinity of the Son of God
  • concept: 1x1x1=1
  • Athanaisus wins!!
  • Arian problem- God has no real contact with humanity
  • this council affirms Jesus' divinity
  • Arius left the council with more followers than Athanaisus
  • eventually people started following the church's teaching that is fully divine
  • God the Son is created by God the Father

34 A.D.- 313 A.D. Christian Persecution

313 A.D.

381 A.D.

34 A.D.

325 A.D.

33 A.D.

431 A.D.

0 A.D.

Council of Constantinople

Christianity becomes legal

First Martyr

  • Christianity becomes legal in 313 A.D.
  • This happens after the Christian Persecution from 34 A.D. to 313 A.D.
  • The first martyr was in 34 A.D.
  • This first martyr is the start of the Christian persecution which lasts until 313 A.D. when Christianity becomes legal
  • Christians are now allowed to follow what they believe without getting killed because of their beliefs
  • "Some Christians bear witness in a very dramatic way, as St. Peter and St. Paul did: they risk and gave their life to follow Jesus, as the martyrs of the Chruch did" (C4 Think it Through).
  • 381 A.D.
  • Gregory of Nazianzus (330-390)
  • Bishop of Constantinople
  • Idea: "If Jesus did not have a human soul, then our souls are not saved."
  • This council affirms Jesus' full humanity
  • Also finalizes the Nicene Creed
  • Gregory wins!!
  • "We are saved body and soul" (notes)
  • Therefore, Jesus had a human soul too

Glossary

Heresy: the conscious (aware) and deliberate rejection of a dogma, official teaching, of the church

Ecumenical Council: a gathering of all catholic bishops, convened (called) by the Pope and under his authority and guidance

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