PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING AMERICAN PERIOD

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING AMERICAN PERIOD

Brief History

• The Filipino revolutionist won against the Spaniards who colonized Philippines for more than 300 years.

• The Philippine flag was hoisted on June 12, 1898 as a symbol of independence. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected the first president of the Philippine Republic, which was short – lived.

• Americans colonized the country. And in 1901, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo surrendered to the Americans.

FEATURES OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE UNDER AMERICAN REGIME

• Spanish and Tagalog and the Vernaculars were the languages used in writing during the first years in American period, but Spanish and Tagalog were the predominated language.

• In 1910, a new group started to write in English. Hence, Spanish, Tagalog, the Vernaculars and finally English, were the mediums used in literature during these times.

The creation of Philippine literacy works during the American Period in the Philippines was advanced by two significant developments in education and culture.

THE PERIOD OF

SELF-DISCOVERY

(1925-1941)

Some of the Filipino Writers during American

Colonization

Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (1911-1995)

He also became the director Filipino Players from 1941-1947.

He wrote well over a hundred plays, 41 one which have been published. His published and unpublished plays have either been broadcast over the radio or staged in various parts of the Philippines.

Manuel Arguilla (1911-1944)

• He graduated in University of the Philippines with a Bachelor of Science Education degree.
• He was a member of the first class of the University of the Philippines, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912.
• Authored the short story "How My Brother Leon brought Home a Wife", which won first prize in the Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940

1950

Zoilo Galang (1895-1959)

Juan Cabreros Laya (1911-1952)

A self-starter, he learned typing and stenography in English and Spanish all by himself. Attracted to the English language, he took special courses at the University of the Philippines in 1925, then went to Columbia University for further studies in Literature.

He was soon writing books of fiction, biography and philosophy, and his output was prodigious. His early poems saw print on the Kapampangan paper, “E Mangabiran". He authored “A Child of Sorrow”, the first English novel written by a Filipino. This was later made into a movie in 1930.

STRUCTURE and POETRY

FORM:

Ode

Elegy

Sonnet

Ballad

Epic

STANZAS

• Lyric Poetry
• Narrative Poem
• Descriptive Poem

• couplet (2 lines)
• tercet (3 lines)
• quatrain (4 lines)
• cinquain (5 lines)
• sestet (6 lines)
• septet (7 lines)
• octave (8 lines)

• He was a Filipino novelist and publisher.
• He was the founder of Inang Lupa publishing and was active in textbook in the 1950s.
• He also wrote many stories and novels about his country and native land.
• He was awarded a Commonwealth prize for his English novel "His Native Soil".

Maximo Maguiat Kalaw(1891-1955)

Classified Ads Section

Entertainment section

News section

weather Section

Parts Of A

Newspaper

Editorial Page

Announcement and obituary page

He studied at the Philippine Normal School and the University of the Philippines wherein he became the editor of Collegio Folio, the first school paper in UP.

Business and Finance Section

Amado Vera Hernandez (1903-1970)

Sports Page

1940

THE PERIOD OF sELF - dISCOVERY

(1925-1941)

• Usapin ng mga Pilipino (1915)
• The Development of Philippine Politics (1926)
• The Filipino Rebel: A Romance of the American Occupation of the Philippines (1931)

A Filipino writer and labor leader who was known for his criticism of social injustices in the Philippines and was later imprisoned for his involvement in the communist movement. He was the central figure in a landmark legal case that took 13 years to settle.

While being a reporter, columnist and editor of several newspaper and magazines including Watawat, Mabuhay, Pilipino, Makabayan and Sampaguita, he also honed his poetic craft. He received the Republic Cultural Heritage Award, a number of Palancas and an award from the National Press Club for his journalistic achievements.

THE PERIOD OF IMITATION

(1910-1925)

1920

Paz Marquez-Benitez (1894-1983)

THE PERIOD OF RE-ORIENTATION

(1898-1910)

Authored the first Filipino modern English language short story,

Dead Stars, Published in the Philippine Herald in 1925.

Benitez was among the first generation of Filipinos trained in the American education system which used English as the medium of instruction.

1900

Elements of a Short Story

Faustino S. Aguilar (1882-1955)

• setting
• characterization
• plot
• conflict
• climax
• resolution
• theme
• point of view

1890

He was one of the first novelists in the Philippines to explore and present social realism through literature.

Pinaglahuan was Faustino’s response against imperialism and colonialism.

ALLEGORY

COMIC

satire

epistolary

Picaresque

KINDS OF NOVELS

feminist

romance

gothic

realism

magic realism

Philippine Literature in English is divided into three time frames:

THE PERIOD OF

RE-ORIENTATION

(1898-1910)

• 1910 - English - Medium of instruction on public schools
• El Renacimiento - Rafael Palma - 1901
• Philippines Free Press - 1905
• Sursum Corda - Justo Juliano - 1907 - first work published in English
• My Mother and Air Castles - Juan F. Salazar - 1909

THE PERIOD OF IMITATION

(1910-1925)

• 1919 - UP College Folio
• 1920 - Bulletin, Philippine Herald
• 1924 - The Philippine Review, the Independent, Rising Philippines and Citizens, and the Philippine Education Magazine.

Many Filipino started writing again and the nationalism of the people remain undaunted. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for independence.

Historical Background