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This is not effective classroom design or management...

Establishing a Conducive Learning Environment: Effective Classroom Design

Six Functions Of a Classroom

1. Security and Shelter

2. Social Contact

3. Symbolic Identification

4. Task Instrumentality

5. Pleasure

6. Growth

Symbolic Identification

Social Contact

Security and Shelter in the Classroom

Arrangement of Desks:

Clusters Rows

  • The information that a setting provides about the people who spend time there (What does the classroom tell you about the students and teacher(s) ?)
  • Student birthday chart, map of the world, word wall and student biographies are all ways to personalize the classroom
  • Make sure to alternate the type of student work posted to address multiple learning modalities (ex: essays, art projects etc.)
  • Keep a data log of whose work you put up and when to ensure equal representation on the displays
  • As a teacher, make sure to incorporate your own experiences into the classroom so that students feel comfortable expressing themselves
  • Incorporate culturally responsive student pieces to promote a tolerant and open-minded atmosphere (ex: country flags, colloquial phrases in multiple languages)
  • Make sure all postings are age-appropriate and foster an optimal learning environment
  • Avoid clutter on displays-allow appropriate amount of blank space between each piece and keep alignment of work consistent
  • Keep displays up-to-date
  • facilitating interactions between students
  • small group work and cooperative learning- careful of independent work in clusters
  • teacher must be available to all students
  • allows students to concentrate on individual assignments
  • helpful for classroom management with students with ADHD, behavioral disorders, and learning disabilities
  • "action zone" could be an issue
  • Most fundamental function of learning environments
  • Physical security is a precondition that must be satisfied
  • Establish classroom rules together and have everyone sign it, posting them in an easily accessible area to reinforce that the classroom must be a safe and conducive learning space
  • Psychological security
  • 2 ways to enhance security: "softness" and open spaces (retreat)
  • J. Bullard (2010) says, "Softness is also critical in reducing noise levels and reverberation." (Pearson Education)
  • Allen Abend (2001) also says that, "...students with attention deficit disorders and emotional disabilities often require greater physical and acoustical separation between activities to reduce distractions." (National Institute of Building Sciences)

Gail Womble (2000) writes, "You need a mix of arrangements for good teaching. You need some collaborative learning, some individual learning. We'd be shortchanging our students if we never offered them the opportunity of sitting alone and taking notes at the front. That's what college offers. . . . But collaborative learning is important too. . . . So much in the business world is collaboration, and business people tell us they want the students to have those skills."

This is what we want...!

Pleasure

Task Instrumentality

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THEir PHYSICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON LEARNING AND MOTIVATION

Growth

Functional ways our environment helps us to complete activities and foster learning.

Resources

  • Abraham Maslow and Norbett Mintz (1956)-study stated that interviewers assigned to "ugly" classrooms complained of headaches, discomfort and fatigue
  • Provide an array of colors, cool and warm
  • Establish a combination of open, spacious areas (morning carpet) and small, cozy areas (reading corner)
  • Use a multitude of textures in tactile stimuli
  • Balance variation between monotony and chaos (can cause anxiety)
  • Based on Dr. Romina Asiyai's (2014) findings, "private school students perceive the condition of their classroom physical learning environment better than public school students. Private school students perceive their classroom walls as more beautiful, the spatial arrangement of desks and seats are adequate, the lighting and ceiling condition of their classrooms were better, their classroom ventilation and floor condition were also better" (723).
  • With this, 73.39% of students in the study agreed that the physical environment of their classroom impacted their motivation to learn
  • Central goals: to promote children's cognitive development and academic achievement
  • Invite children into the learning experience through their own observations, investigation, testing and discoveries (similar to the Scientific Method!)
  • Use puzzles, art supplies, science equipment
  • Provide stimuli across the "open-closed continuum"-describes the extent to which specific stimuli dictate one right answer (open = paint, closed = puzzle)
  • Integrate pleasurable literature experiences (rec. reading periods, story discussion) with ample reading materials in the class library and stations (cookbooks, store ads) and implement a writing center
  • Plan set times for students to use literacy centers

1. Integrate and provide explicit instruction for technology in classroom- SmartBoard, iPad, etc.

2. Accessibility of classroom materials

3. Organize shelves and storage areas (in-out boxes)

4. Clear and accessible pathways

5. Provide a place to keep belongings

6. Teacher Desk or no desk?

7. Separate Incompatible activities (wet/dry, messy/neat)

  • Weinstein, C.S., Romano, M.E., & Mignano, A.J. (2007). Elementary classroom management: Lessons from research and practice (4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
  • http://www.ascd.org/ascd-express/vol6/613-anderson.aspx
  • http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezp.lndlibrary.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=8d4be26b-0693-43a4-987b-64f71dd548d5%40sessionmgr4004&hid=4102
  • http://www.ncef.org/pubs/disabilities.pdf
  • http://www.education.com/reference/article/design-early-education-classrooms/
  • http://linksource.ebsco.com.ezp.lndlibrary.org/
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