Ethics

Guiding Ethical Principles for Human Stem Cell and Other: Respect for human dignity and the inherent value of human life provide the basis for the following principles:

Promotion and protection of human health and well-being.

Respect for personal autonomy and self-determination.

Respect for donor privacy and confidentiality.

Respect for freedom of inquiry and the value of knowledge.

Respect for the diversity of moral positions regarding human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research.

No human embryo or embryo-like entities may be allowed to develop past 14 days or past the development of the primitive streak, whichever occurs first.

ESCRO Review and Approval of Stem Cell Research: Investigators must obtain SCRO approval prior to conducting any research that uses human embryonic stem cell lines or is directed at deriving human pluripotent cell lines using human embryos, gametes, or somatic cells.

Ethics in Biotechnology

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Monday,March 16, 2014

Morgan and Bri

Stem Cell Research

A stem cell is a generic cell that can make exact copies of itself indefinitely.

Transgenic Animals

SCRO Protocol Criteria: In order for a research project to be approved, investigators must submit a protocol application form and supporting documentation to the Chair of the SCRO showing that certain conditions are followed

Negatives

Positives

Improving resistance to disease

Modern pigs have been bred to grow extra fast - some breeds now grow too fast for their hearts, causing discomfort when animals are too active

Breeding to remove characteristics that cause injury. (eg selecting cattle without horns)

Biotechnology

Broiler chickens are bred to grow fast - some now grow too fast for their legs

The following principles are agreed as fundamental to all activities in biotechnology

Biotechnology includes any use of science or technology to alter the characteristics of a particular breed or animal.

Biotechnology can be good or bad for animals - and it may also produce an answer to the ethical problems of experimenting on animals.

• 4.1 Respect for Persons

• 4.2 Respect for Animals

• 4.3 Respect for the Natural Environment

• 4.4 Respect for the Public Good

• 4.5 Benefit and Harm

• 4.6 Justice and Equity

• 4.7 Probity

• 4.8 Accountability

Human Cloning

Research

A few of human cloning ethics include:

Physical Harms Introduced by Cloning: Somatic cell nuclear transfer has not yet been refined and its long-term safety has not yet been proven.

Many government agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the Food and Drug Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the US Department of Agriculture, have ethics rules for funded researchers. Some of these ethics include:

Human Subjects Protection

Replicating Specific Persons: It is impossible to recreate the same person exactly because they would be raised differently and so their personalities would be different.

Creating Clones Without Consent: There is concern that human clones would be developed cells obtained without one’s permission. Cloning a patient involuntary would violate the patient’s constitutional rights, therefor under no circumstance, should cloning without an individual’s consent occur.

The Effects of Human Cloning on the Gene Pool: Human cloning has the potential to alter the human gene pool.

Animal Care

Respecting the Rights of Clones: The fact that a human clone’s nuclear genes would derive from a single individual rather than two parents does not change its moral standing.

Responsible Publication

Responsible Mentoring

Respect for colleagues

Social Responsibility

Non-Discrimination

Competence

Legality

Honesty

Objectivity

Integrity

Carefulness

Openness

Respect for Intellectual Property

Confidentiality