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Nerves and Nervous Systems

So far we talked about the CNS

Today we

  • discuss the ANS
  • its relation to the endocrine system and
  • the interaction between all three of them.

What do I mean when I say we discuss an issue?

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Introduction to the Biological Approach to Psychology

2. Semester

by: Tom Feldges

All other parts of the NS that do not belong to the CNS!

What sort of definition is that?

But things are never easy, so ...

The Central Nervous System (CNS)

One more issue!

The visceral PNS

Otherwise known as the:

  • Involuntary NS
  • Vegetative NS or the
  • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The somatic PNS

all spinal nerves that

  • innervate skin, joints and muscles &
  • that are under voluntary control

Main-Characteristic:

Parts of the NS that are encased in bone, i.e.:

  • Brain
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain Stem
  • Spinal Cord

When we talk about the

visceral nervous system

what does visceral actually mean?

Explain it to me!

2. Semester

If you don't know:

1. Is it important to understand what is going on in the lecture? ASK for clarification immediately!

2. If you can follow the lecture nevertheless, write it down and check it later with recourse to a credible source (OED)

Oxford English Dictionary (OED)

Viscera

The internal organs in the main cavaties of the body, especially those in the abdomen, e.g. the intestines.

Visceral

... relating to deep, inwards feelings rather than to intellect

  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS)
  • States of consciousness
  • Body rhythm - or better: body rhythms
  • Evolution as an explanatory frame
  • Altruism
  • Reproductive strategies
  • Parenting
  • Parent-offspring conflict

Where are we?

Why do we bother?

The question why I bother is quickly answered:

  • I have written parts of my PhD thesis on this and I like the topic, even more so:
  • I get money for talking to you about it!

But what should this all mean for you?

Give me your thoughts!

The ANS or:

the visceral nervous system

3 major questions:

  • What is it - away from our earlier negative definition?
  • What is its function?
  • Why is that important for psychology?

First Year - Level 4 - of a three year BSc programme.

A module considering the import of biology for psychology

You have finished the 1. Semester and we start to engage with the

2. Semester.

A word of caution:

Please make sure you start to think about these issues and how they relate to everything else you hear, as this will come back later in the form of cognitive-neuroscience.

First Semester

Importance?

We are talking about biology and psychology:

ANS conveys information to CNS and interacts thus with both, the CNS and the endocrine system

But when you look at (rational) thought and reasoning (i.e. cognitive processes), you may only get half the picture?

Can you think of an example?

Are these considerations worth a psychologist's while?

What is it?

Neurons innervating:

internal organs, blood vessels and glands

Is that important?

Function?

  • Provides information about visceral functioning to the CNS (pressure and oxygen-level of blood)
  • Visceral motor fibres command contraction and relaxation of muscles (intestines, blood-vessels, cardiac contraction, secretory function of glands)

A system of various glands for the endocrine system.

Control-system for the endocrine system

Example?

  • Psychology and Science
  • Methods
  • Neurons and Synapses
  • Central Nervous System
  • The Brain and its Structures

Hence:

Science, Biology, Method &

basic building-blocks

but most prominently:

THE BRAIN

Remaining Problem:

The relation between Mind and Brain?

To re-act means to act in relation to a stimulus

So if the ANS reacts (makes you blush) then it must possess the means to gain information and to produce the result.

  • Afferent (carry to) axons and
  • Efferent (carry from) axons relative to a point.

If CNS is this point then

  • afferent axons carry visceral or somatic information to the CNS and
  • the nerves effecting the changes in muscles or glands are efferent axons.

Ever been infatuated?

'Butterflies in your stomach'

Ever been embarrassed?

- blushing -

And you cannot control it!

But obviously ...

well what?

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tom_Feldges

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