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Animal Class- Aves (Birds)

Piciformes

  • Most eat insects
  • have parrot-like zygodactyl feet- two toes forward and two toes backwards
  • do not have down feathers

(Wikipedia)

  • nest in cavities- hollowed areas in trees or rocks
  • have heavy sturdy bills
  • almost always have a combination of black, white with accents of red or yellow
  • males and females look similar

(Animals Life)

Passeriformes

Day Zero

Reproductive Habits

Development

Information and pictures from

Baby Bird Development

Pic 13.) PBase- Orange-backed Troupial

Pic 14.) dkimages-Passerines

Pic 15.) Chipper Woods Bird Observatory- Robin Eggs

8.) Wikipedia- Piciformes

9.) Animal Life Resources- Piciformes - Physical Characteristics

Piciformes

  • called perching birds
  • have special anatomy unlike other orders that allows them to perch.
  • they have toes that face backwards to help grip
  • have sharp claws to help grip surface
  • lay colored eggs

6.) Wisegeek- What are Passerine Birds?

Perching: sitting on a twig or rod, an elevated place to sit and rest

7.) The Free Dictionary- Perch

  • birds lay eggs
  • eggs are incubated in a nest
  • takes 9 days-80 days
  • birds are oviparous

Pic 19.) East Valley Wildlife- Zygodactyl Feet

Pic 20.) Wikipedia- Black Woodpecker attending its chicks

Pic 21.) Sunrise Services Distributing, LLC-Toucan

Pic 25.) FunTime Birdy Parrot Lovers Blog- Parrots Beak

Pic 26.) Deviant Art- Parrot Feather...

This order includes

  • barbets
  • woodpeckers
  • flickers
  • toucans

There are around 380 species in this order.

Psittaciformes

Egg in nest

  • Strong hooked beak
  • use it to help move around or grab things
  • bottome half of beak is hinge like
  • Zygodactyl toes- "X" toes

(PetEducation.com)

  • bright colored feathers
  • some can learn to "talk" or imitate sounds

(Expedition 360)

Passeriformes

5.) Angel Fire- Animals! The Animal Information Center)

Male birds show off to find a mate

Woodpecker

12.) Encyclopaedia Britannica- Reproductive Behaviors

Barbet

10.) PetEducation.com-Characteristics of Parrots and Other Psittacine

11.) Expedition 360: Birds - Order Psittaciformes

Toucan

  • Singing:sing complex songs to show maturity and intelligence
  • Displays: have colorful feathers or body shapes to show that they are healthy like peacocks
  • Dancing:wing flaps and head dips. Dance mistakes tell a female the male is inexperienced.
  • Preening: Preen each other to become close.
  • Feeding: males bring females food to show that they can provide for her.
  • Building:make fancy nests for the female to lay her eggs. Decorate it with pebbles

Psittaciformes

This order includes perching birds

  • robins
  • sparrows
  • chickadees

There is around 5,100 species in this order.

Day One

This Order contains:

13.) About.com- Bird Courtship Behavior

Peacock

5.) Angel Fire- Animals! The Animal Information Center

  • parrots
  • parakeets
  • macaws
  • cockatoos

There are about 330 species in this order

Sparrow

Chickadee

American Robin

Pic 16.)The Internet Bird Collection -A Bird on a Branch

Pic 17.) Wikipedia- Red-bellied Woodpecker

Pic 18.) Wallpapers Wide- Toucan

  • no feathers
  • can lift head

Pic 27.) Wallpapers Free Desktop- Dancing bird

Pic 28.) Geyser of Awesome- Male Sage Grouse

Pic 29.) Shutterstock- Peacock Feather Display

Pic 30.) Solaripedia- Male's Nest

5.) Angel Fire- Animals! The Animal Information Center

Orders in Aves

Anseriformes (waterfowl - ducks, swans, geese, screamers) 161 spp

Apodiformes (swifts, hummingbirds) 400 spp

Apterygiformes (kiwis) 4 spp (sometimes placed in Struthioniformes)

Caprimulgiformes (oilbirds, nightjars, potoos) 100 spp

Casuariiformes (emus, cassowaries) 4 ssp (sometimes placed in Struthioniformes)

Charadriiformes (guillemots, puffins, gulls, terns) 290 spp

Ciconiiformes (egrets, herons, bitterns, shoebills, flamingoes-flamingoes were previously in the order Phoenicopteriformes ) 124 spp

Coliiformes (mousebirds) 6 spp

Columbiformes (pigeons, doves) 300 spp

Coraciiformes (hornbills, kingfishers, hoopoes) 190 spp

Cuculiformes (cuckoos, turacos, anis) 150 spp

Falconiformes (eagles, falcons, hawks, kites, vultures, condors, buzzards) 280 spp

Galliformes (turkeys, fowl, quail, pheasant) 260 spp

Gaviiformes (Divers) 4 spp

Gruiformes (buttonquails, rails, cranes) 200 spp

Passeriformes (perching birds-robins, sparrows, chickadees, etc) 5100 spp

Pelecaniformes (pelicans, anhingas, cormorants) 60 spp

Piciformes (barbets, woodpeckers, flickers, toucans) 380 spp

Podicipediformes (grebes) 18 spp

Procellariiformes (albatross, petrels, shearwaters) 100 spp

Psittaciformes (parrots, parakeets, macaws) 330 spp

Rheiformes (rheas) 2 spp (sometimes placed in Struthioniformes)

Sphenisciformes (penguins, gentoos) 17 spp

Strigiformes (owls) 140 spp

Struthioniformes (ostriches) 1 ssp

Tinamiformes (tinamous) 50 ssp

Trogoniformes (trogons, quetzals) 35 spp

5.) Angel Fire- Animals! The Animal Information Center

Sage Grouse

Pic 10.) Wikipedia- American Robins

Pic 11.) Wikipedia- White-crowned Sparrow

Pic 12.) Wikipedia- Black-capped Chickadee

Day Two

22. Macaw

23. Parakeets

24. Cockatoo Yellow-Crested

  • Last egg hatches
  • Slight down emerges
  • feeding peep may become audible

Classification

Pic 3.) Cool Cosmos- Infrared Image of a Bird

Pic 4.) Wikipedia- Feather Variations

Pic 5.) Skolai Images- Bald Eagle Feet

Pic 6.) Heaven Scent Baby Nursery- Bird Wings

Day Three

Bird Traits

  • feather begin to pierce skin
  • feather tracts along back

African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer)

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Ciconiiformes

Family: Accipitridae

Genus: Haliaeetus

Species: Vocifer

  • warm blooded
  • have feathers
  • bodies are divisible into its head, neck, Trunk and Tail
  • the forearms had turned into wings sometimes used to fly
  • hind legs are strong, used to walk
  • have no teeth, just a beak
  • birds don't have a anus, just a three chambered cloaca
  • have a four chambered heart
  • separate sexes
  • fertilize internally
  • oviparous, meaning lay eggs

3.) Biozoom: Birds-Aves -General characters

Closest Living Relative

2.) Birds.com-Classification of Bird Species

Pic 7. ) Trek Nature-African Fish Eagle

Day Five

Pic 9

Pic 8

  • embryo position abandoned
  • bird begins to lengthen
  • yawning begins

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Reptilia

Order: Testudines

Family: Cheloniidae or Dermochelyidae

4.) BSU- Replitle chlassification Chart

Pic 8.) Answers- Sea Turtle

Pic 9.) Wikipeadia- Green Sea Turtle

Body Coverings

Birds are covered in Skin and feathers.

Four types:

Day Six

Pic 41.) FAO- Feathers and down from geese

Pic 42.) The Modern Apprentice- Contour Feathers

Pic 43.) Paul and Bernice Noll's Window on the World-Filoplume Feather

Pic 44.) Etsy- Pheasant Quill Feathers

  • down feathers: soft and keep them warm
  • Filoplumes: thin with tufts on the end
  • Contour Feathers: outside layer of feathers, give bird its color
  • Quill Feathers: long & strong. Located on wings and tail. Help bird fly.
  • Eyes fully open
  • thermal regulation establishing.

Aves

Methods of Circulation

1.) Animals Page- Birds

  • the heart
  • blood vessels
  • lymphatic system

Day Seven

Birds in Aves Class

Life History and Fossil Record

Birds belong in the Phylum Chordate. This means that they have a back bone (Birds). In the class Aves, there are around 23 orders, 142 families, 2,057 genus' and 9,702 species of birds (Classification of Bird Species).

20.) Ornithology- Respiration and Circulation

Pic 39.) Wikipedia- Lymphatic System

The Heart and Arteries

  • Hungry bird location call established
  • fear and cowering
  • frequent stretching wings and legs
  • scratching head
  • yawning
  • climbing to edge of nest

Thomas Henry Huxley first proposed that birds came from dinosaurs in the late 1860s. Scientist studied the remains of a small bipedal dinosaur called Archaeopteryx. They saw that it had feathers. Archaeopteryx is on the direct line from reptiles to birds.

  • birds and mammals have 4 chambered heart
  • Birds heart is 50%-100% larger
  • birds heart is more powerful
  • the two jugular veins of the head are cross-connected
  • Typically, birds' veins and arteries are set up so that the veins and arteries lie next to each other
  • warm blooded

20.) Ornithology- Respiration and Circulation

Pic 40.) Four Chambered Heart

Pic 2.) Ideas for Landscaping-Backyard Birds of North America

Birds in Aves Class

Birds have about 7-9 air sacs

-Two posterior thoracic

-Two abdominal

-Two anterior thoracic

-Two cervical (these are not present in some species)

-One interclavicular

Since birds don't have a diagram, birds breath in air when their sternum pushes out its chest and creates suction in its air sacs to pull in air. Their lungs are more efficient and sensitive, so they are more prone to toxins in the air.

Day Eight

1.) Animals Page-Birds

2.) Birds.com-Classification of Bird Species

Pic 1.) The Solitary Writer- Flock Of Birds

19.) PetEducation.com- How the Respiratory System of Birds Works

Pic 38.) PetEducation.com- Air Sacs of a Bird

Lungs and heart

Birds have lungs and air sacs to keep air circulating through their lungs. Birds need lots of air to fly. They also use their 9 air sacs to keep them cool because they don't sweat. Birds have huge hearts to circulate lots of blood to their muscles.

Brain

  • have fast reactions, balance, coordination and instinctive behavior
  • larger than reptiles and smaller than mammals
  • don't have reasoning abilities
  • some have the capacity to learn.

21.) Evolution and Fossil Record

Pic 45.) Confronting Creation- It’s The Little Stuff That Counts

  • Begins to wing flutter when begging for food
  • stretching both wings down at same time

15.) Animal Liberation Front- Life in the Fast Lane

Pic 36.)Animal Liberation Front- Bird Lungs

Pic 37.)Animal Liberation Front- Bird Heart

Pic 41.) Feathers and down from geese. Digital image. FAO. N.p., 1996. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4359e/y4359e0c.htm>.

Pic 42.) Contour feathers. Digital image. The Modern Apperentice. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.themodernapprentice.com/feathers.htm>.

Pic 43.) Noll, Paul, and Bernice Noll. Filoplume Feather. Digital image. Paul and Bernice Noll's Window on the World. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Birds/feather-filoplume.html>.

Pic 44.) Pheasant Quill Feathers. Digital image. Etsy. N.p., 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.etsy.com/listing/114039333/on-sale-lady-amherst-pheasant-tail>.

21.) Pojeta, John, JR., and Dale A. Springer. "Evolution and the Fossil Record." Evolution and the Fossil Record by John Pojeta, Jr. and Dale A. Springer. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.agiweb.org/news/evolution/examplesofevolution.html>.

Pic 45.) It’s The Little Stuff That Counts. Digital image. Archaeopteryx. Confronting Creation, 6 July 2011. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://confrontingcreation.wordpress.com/tag/archaeopteryx/>.

w:Ridwan. "Locomotion of Bird." Scribd. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/4801762/Locomotion-of-Bird>.

21.) "The Importance of Birds." The Importance of Birds. Classroom BirdWatch, 2001. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.extension.iastate.edu/naturemapping/monitoring/Importance_Birds.htm>.

Pic 46.) Pollution Swan. Digital image. Pollution Swan. Wikipedia, 28 May 2005. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Pollution_swan.jpg>

Pic 47.) Cahill, Louis. Hellgrammite. Digital image. Hellgrammite, The King Kong of Aquatic Insects. Gink Gasline, 11 May 2012. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.ginkandgasoline.com/gink-gasoline-fly-patterns/hellgrammite-the-king-kong-of-aquatic-insects/>.

Pic 48.) Tewksbury, Joshua. The short-billed Elaenia. Digital image. Airborne Gut Action Primes Wild Chili Pepper Seeds. UW TODAy, 21 June 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/06/21/airborne-gut-action-primes-wild-chili-pepper-seeds/>.

22.) Ridwan. "Locomotion of Bird." Scribd. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/4801762/Locomotion-of-Bird>.

23.) "Bird Feet and Legs." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Jan. 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_feet_and_legs#Functions_of_bird_legs_and_feet>.

Pic 49.)Pair of Ostriches Running. Digital image. Scoola. Best Value Providers, 2010. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://skoola.com/read_news.php?id=153>.

Pic 50.)Aerofoil cross-section for low-speed flight. Digital image. SKYbrary. N.p., 24 Nov. 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Aerofoil>.

Pic 51.)Bestari, SAM, Subang Jaya, and Ridwan. Diagram of Flying Bird. Digital image. Scribd. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/4801762/Locomotion-of-Bird>.

15.) Animal Liberation Front- Life in the Fast Lane

Pic 32.)Animal Liberation Front- Bird Brain

Economic Importance

  • spread seeds of various plants
  • relocate fish eggs
  • reduce insects
  • pollution

Body plan/ Symmetry

Day Ten-Sixteen

Pic 24.) Cockatoo Yellow-Crested. N.d. Scarlet Macaw Pet Shop. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://www.scarletmacawpetshop.com/img/birds/cockatoo.jpg>.

10.) Foster, Dr., and Smith, Dr. "Characteristics of Parrots and Other Psittacine." PetEducation.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=15+1840&aid=2470>.

11.) Jason. "Birds - Order Psittaciformes." Expedition 360. N.p., 17 Oct. 2001. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.expedition360.com/australia_lessons_science/2001/10/birds_order_psittaciformes.html>.

Pic 25.) Parrots Beak. Digital image. FunTime Birdy Parrot Lovers Blog. Word Press, 26 Jan. 2011. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://funtimebirdy.wordpress.com/2011/01/26/bird-beaks-tool-and-weapon/>.

Pic 26.) Parrot Feather... Digital image. Deviant Art. N.p., 16 July 2008. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://faellou.deviantart.com/art/Parrot-feather-328217789>.

12.) Smith, Neal Griffith. "Reproductive Behavior." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/498588/reproductive-behaviour/48578/Birds>.

Pic 27.) Dancing Bird. Digital image. Wallpapers Free Desktop. N.p., 2012. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://www.wallpapersfreedesktop.com/animal-dancing-bird-wallpaper.html>.

Pic 28.) Male Sage Grouse. Digital image. Geyser Of Awesome. Tumblr, 2012. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://geyserofawesome.com/post/19735439670/this-awesome-bird-is-a-male-sage-grouse-hes>.

Pic 29.) Peacock Feather Display. Digital image. Shutterstock. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-12029590/stock-photo-peacock-feather-display.html>.

Pic 30.) Male's nest. Digital image. Solaripedia. N.p., 2011. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://www.solaripedia.com/13/377/5225/bower_bird_love_nest.html>.

13.) "Body Plan, Structure, Movement, and Symmetry - Birds." Birds. Google, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <https://sites.google.com/site/birdsjfr/body-plan>.

14.) "Muscle Tissue and Muscles." Biology. N.p., 22 Jan. 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/muscles.htm>.

Pic 31.) Bird Skeleton. Digital image. Birds. Google, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <https://sites.google.com/site/birdsjfr/body-plan>.

15.) "Life in the Fast Lane." Animal Liberation Front. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Practical/Pets/PetCare/Parrots/Handling/The%20Bird%20Site%20Internal%20Organs.htm>.

Pic 32.) Bird Brain. Digital image. Animal Liberation Front. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Practical/Pets/PetCare/Parrots/Handling/The%20Bird%20Site%20Internal%20Organs.htm>.

16.) "A Bird's Brain and Nerves." The Earthlife Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.earthlife.net/birds/nerves.html>.

Pic 33.) Bird Anatomy. Digital image. Chordates. Anatomy of Animals, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://universe-review.ca/R10-33-anatomy09.htm>.

Pic 34.) Bird Stomach. Digital image. Animal Liberation Front. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Practical/Pets/PetCare/Parrots/Handling/The%20Bird%20Site%20Internal%20Organs.htm>.

17.) "Digestive System: Food & Feeding Habits." Bird Digestion. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birddigestion.html>.

18.) "Types of Excretion." , Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/excretion/excretion-types.php>.

Pic 35.) Wells, Joanna. Bird Poop on Bench. Digital image. Benches - Final. N.p., 2 May 2012. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://joannawellsphoto.blogspot.com/>.

Pic 36.) Bird Lungs. Digital image. Animal Liberation Front. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Practical/Pets/PetCare/Parrots/Handling/The%20Bird%20Site%20Internal%20Organs.htm>.

Pic 37.) Bird Heart. Digital image. Animal Liberation Front. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Practical/Pets/PetCare/Parrots/Handling/The%20Bird%20Site%20Internal%20Organs.htm>.

19.) Foster, Dr., and Smith, Dr. "How the Respiratory System of Birds Works." PetEducation.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=15+1829&aid=2721>.

Pic 38.) Air Sacs of a Bird. Digital image. PetEducation.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=15+1829&aid=2721>.

20.) John. "Respiration and Circulation Ornithology." Respiration and Circulation Ornithology. Ornithology, May-June 2010. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.ornithology.com/Lectures/RespirandCircul.html>.

Pic 39.) Blaus, Bruce. Lymphatic System Female. Digital image. Wikapedia. N.p., 5 Sept. 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0623_LymphaticSystem_Female.png>.

Pic 40.) Liu, Cathy. Heart. Digital image. MCAT Four-Chambered Heart. Premed HQ, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.premedhq.com/2013/10/mcat-four-chambered-heart.html>.

Birds have are light so they can fly. Their bones are hallow. They are covered in feathers to keep them warm and help them fly.

Birds are bi-lateral symmetrical.

(Birds)

Bibliography:

1.) "Birds." Animals Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.mcwdn.org/Animals/Bird.html>.

2.) "Classification of Bird Species." Birds.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.birds.com/species/classifications/>.

Pic 1.) Flock of Birds. Digital image. The Solitary Writer. Blogger, 2 Nov. 2012. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YPwf42nENnk/UJQJ5FukjvI/AAAAAAAADRU/dST5qow6Wmc/s1600/flock.jpg>

Pic 2.) Backyard Birds of North America. Digital image. Ideas for Landscaping. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://blog-imgs-54-origin.fc2.com/l/a/n/landscapingidea/Backyard-Birds-1.jpg>.

3.) "Birds-Aves -General Characters." BIOZOOM. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://www.biozoomer.com/2012/03/birds-aves-general-characters.html>.

Pic 3.) Infrared Image of a Bird. Digital image. Cool Cosmos. NASA, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/image_galleries/ir_zoo/coldwarm.html>.

Pic 4.) Feather Variation. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feather>.

Pic 5.) Donohue, Carl. Bald Eagle Feet, Talons on Ice, Homer, Alaska. Digital image. Skolai Images. Coppermine Photo Gallery, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://www.skolaiimages.com/stock/displayimage-1291-Bald-Eagle-feet-talons-on-ice-Homer-Alaska.html>.

Pic 6.) Bird Wings. Digital image. Heaven Scent Baby Nursery. Wix.com, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://www.heavenscentbaby.net/wingsheets.htm>.

Pic 7.) Bright, Paul. African Fish Eagle. 2006. Kruger National Park, South Africa. Trek Nature. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://www.treknature.com/gallery/Africa/South_Africa/photo81189.htm>.

4.) "Reptile Classification Chart." BSU. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://www.bsu.edu/eft/belize/p/libt/classchart.html>.

Pic 8.) Sea Turtle. Digital image. Answers. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. <http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v2/n3/sea-turtles>.

Pic 9.) Green Sea Turtle. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 1 Feb. 2011. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Turtles/Selected_picture>.

5.) Morris, Matthew. "Birds." Animals!- The Animal Information Center. Angel Fire, 15 May 2003. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. <http://www.angelfire.com/mo2/animals1/bird/bird.html>.

Pic 10.) American Robin. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Mar. 2014. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Robin>.

Pic 11.) White-crowned Sparrow. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Nov. 2013. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-crowned_Sparrow>.

Pic 12.) Black-capped Chickadee. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Mar. 2014. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-capped_Chickadee>.

6.) McMahon, Mary, and Bronwyn Harris. "What Are Passerine Birds?" WiseGeek. Conjecture, 29 Mar. 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-passerine-birds.htm>.

7.) "Perch." The Free Dictionary. Farlex, n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.thefreedictionary.com/perch>.

Pic 13.) Miller, Rich, and Andrea Baines. Orange-backed Troupial. 2009. Brazilian Pantanal. PBase. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.pbase.com/image/117158837>.

Pic 14.) Lindsay, Ruth. Passerines. Digital image. Dkimages. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.dkimages.com/discover/DKIMAGES/Discover/Home/Animals/Birds/Anatomy/Feet/Passerines/Passerines-2.html>.

Pic 15.) Robbin Eggs. Digital image. Chipper Woods Bird Observatory. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. <http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/photos/robin.htm>.

Pic 16.) Garg, J.M. A Bird on a Branch. 2008. Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The Internet Bird Collection. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/blue-throated-barbet-megalaima-asiatica/bird-branch-0>.

Pic 17.) Red-bellied Woodpecker. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Mar. 2014. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-bellied_Woodpecker>.

Pic 18.) Toucan. Digital image. Wallpapers Wide. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://wallpaperswide.com/toucan-wallpapers.html>.

8.) "Piciformes." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Mar. 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piciformes>.

9.) "Piciformes - Physical Characteristics." Animal Life Resource. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://animals.jrank.org/pages/928/Woodpeckers-Relatives-Piciformes-PHYSICAL-CHARACTERISTICS.html>.

Pic 19.) Zygodactl Foot. Digital image. East Valley Wildlife. N.p., 7 July 2012. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://www.eastvalleywildlife.org/woodpeckers.html>.

Pic 20.) Black Woodpecker attending its chicks. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodpeckers>.

Pic 21.) Toucan. Digital image. Sunrise Services Distributing, LLC. N.p., 2007. Web. <http://www.sunrisedistrib.com/VideoRealToucan2.html>.

Pic 22.) Macaw. Digital image. Origin of the Raven and the Macaw. Legends of America, 2003. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-zunilegend-ravenmacaw.html>.

Pic 23.)Ziggy. Parakeets. Digital image. Gainesville Cockatiel Rescue. Adopt Birds, 15 Sept. 2008. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://plaza.ufl.edu/jhugus/adopted_birds.html>.

  • Leaves nest
  • tucks head under wing to sleep
  • can't to fly very well,
  • landings are clumsy,
  • pecks at food
  • playful behavior
  • landing on parent
  • hopping
  • walking
  • landing on others

21.) The Importance of Birds

Pic 46.) Pollution Swan

Pic 47.) Hellgrammite

Pic 48.) The short-billed Elaenia

Birds have different types of muscle tissues.

Type of Excretion

Locomotion and Appendages

Birds are uricotelic, meaning they produce uric acid waste. Uric acid is formed for ammonia in the liver and sometimes the kidneys. It leaves the birds bodies though its Cloaca in a mostly solid state, which is the white bird poop you see.

  • skeletal muscles: under voluntary control and made of striated muscle tissue
  • visceral muscles: under involuntary control and made of smooth muscle tissue
  • cardiac muscle tissue which is found only in the heart

(Biology)

Stomach

13.) Birds- Body Plan, Structure, Movement, and Symmetry

14.) Biology-Muscle Tissue and Muscles

Pic 28.) Birds- Bird Skeleton

18.) Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism- Types of Excretion

Pic 35.) Joanna Wells-Bird Poop on Bench

Day Seventeen-Twenty Eight

  • crop connected to their esophagus
  • Birds have two stomachs to digest food
  • normal one
  • gizzard that chews and crushes the food. Birds swallow rocks to help it grind food.

Wings:

  • aerofoil shaped
  • pectoralis major muscles and pectoralis minor muscles
  • minor= up stroke
  • major= down stroke

Central Nervous System

22.)Scribd-Locomotion of Bird

  • brain
  • spinal chord
  • nerves
  • brain in skull and connected to spinal chord
  • nerves are bundles of neurones
  • sensory neurons-alarms triggered by variety of sense organs (eyes, and ears)
  • motor neurones transmit message other way (brain to muscles)

15.) Animal Liberation Front- Life in the Fast Lane

Pic 34.)Animal Liberation Front- Bird Stomach

  • Full flight ability
  • gradual independence from parent
  • masters self-feeding
  • learns what to fear and not to fear from parents

have strong legs to:

  • walk
  • climb
  • swim
  • perch
  • preening

16.) The Earthlife- A Birds Brain and Nerves

Pic 33.) Anatomy of Animals- Bird Anatomy

23.)Wikipedia- Bird Feet and Legs

Pic 49.) Scoola-Pair of Ostriches Running

Pic 50.) SKYbrary-Aerofoil cross-section for low-speed flight

Pic 51.) Scribd-Diagram of Flying Bird

Food and Digestion

  • high metabolism rates
  • light and efficient digestive system

BIRDS EAT

  • ants
  • buds
  • carrion
  • crustaceans
  • fish
  • fruit
  • grass
  • insects
  • larvae
  • leaves
  • molluscs
  • nectar
  • other birds
  • pollen
  • reptiles
  • rodents
  • roots
  • sap
  • seeds
  • suet
  • snails
  • wax
  • worms.

17.) Bird Digestion- Digestive System: Food & Feeding Habits

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