Britain Vs. America
- Roots of the Revolution
- republicanism
- radical Whigs
- Mercantilism
- Navigation Laws of 1650
- Parliamentary Acts
- Sugar, Stamp, Quartering, Declaratory
- Townshend Acts
- Boston Massacre
- Committees of Correspondence
- intercolonial
- Boston Tea Party
- common item to rally around
- Intolerable Acts
- restricted colonial rights
- Quebec Act
- angered colonists
- First Bloodshed
- Lexington and Concord
- Britain vs. America
- Britain had numbers
- Americans had home-field advantage
- American Soldiers
- Militia in need of training
- Foreign aid
The virtue of the citizenry.
Currency shortage and a rise in smuggling.
Prime Minister George Grenville.
Non-importation agreements, British troops in America, and the Boston Massacre.
Massachusetts (1772) by Samuel Adams.
Marquis de Lafayette
a complete boycott of British goods: nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption
In response to the Intolerable Acts
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The British, because it provided raw materials for manufactured goods and a market for these manufactured goods.
Mnemonics
Prime Minister George Grenville is like Cruella de Vil.
Mnemonics
The American Revolution went off like a BOMB.
B: Boston Tea Party
O: Opposition (First Continental Congress)
M: Minutemen win Lexington and Concord
B: Boston Massacre
- Roots of the Revolution
- Mercantilism
- Parliamentary Acts
- Townshend Acts
- Committees of Correspondence
- Boston Tea Party
- Intolerable Acts
- Quebec Act
- First Bloodshed
- Britain vs. America
- American Soldiers
Outline
Recap
Roots of Revolution
- new ideas of society, citizen, and government
- republicanism
- all citizens willingly subordinate private interests to common good
- radical Whigs
- warn of corruption and loss of liberties
- salutary neglect
Boston Massacre
(March 5, 1770)
Quebec Act (1774)
- Started by Samuel Adams in MA
- Decade before revolution
- Communication between colonies
- Forerunner of the Continental Congress
Townshend Acts
(1767)
- Americans saw territory threatened
- Americans banned from area by Proclamation of 1763
- Puritans upset over growth of Catholicism
Intolerable Acts (1774)
- 60 Boston townspeople harassing 10 redcoats
- Redcoats open fire
- 11 wounded or killed including
Crispus Attucks
- Only two redcoats prosecuted
British East India Company
- Light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, tea
- Revenue earmarked to pay salaries of royal employees in America
- "Taxation without representation"
- Punish colonies
- “Massacre of American Liberty”
- British officials tried in Britain
- Boston Port Act
- MA charter revoked
- Limited self government
- New Quartering Act
- Ships delivered tea
- forced to leave
- Ship and cargo burned or seized by colonists
Committees of Correspondence (1772)
Why do you think the colonists were so infuriated by the New Quartering Act? How would you feel if it was applied to you?
“Champagne Charley” Townshend
Boston Tea Party
(December 16, 1773)
- Too much tea and facing bankruptcy
- Given complete monopoly of American tea business
- Americans think British are trying to trick them into tolerating the tea tax
- Delivered brilliant speeches when drunk
- Seized control of British Ministry
- Convinced Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts
- Bostonians dressed as Indians board ships and dump 342 chests of tea overboard
- Varied reactions
- Tea = badge of slavery
- Destruction of private property
Britain
British Intervention
British East India Company (1773)
Quebec Act (1774)
- King George III
- 32 years old
- Good person, bad ruler
- Townshend Acts fail to produce revenue
- Repealed except tea tax
- Suspends NY legislature for not complying with the Quartering Act (1767)
- Lands two regiments of troops in Boston to enforce laws and stop tea smuggling (1768)
- Good law in bad company
- guaranteed Catholicism to French-Canadians
- retain old customs
- extended the old boundaries of Quebec
The American Pageant - Chapter Seven
Governments today will also keep nearly bankrupt businesses afloat if their bankruptcy would mean a loss of money. For example, the U.S. government's 2008 Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) authorized $475 billion to strengthen our financial sector in the midst of the recession.
The United States did the same thing in Iraq and Afghanistan. Troops were sent in to topple corrupt governments, secure resources, and maintain order.
The Road to Revolution
Jonathan Wong
Nathan Tong
Anna Duan
Do you think that the colonists were justified in taking such action against taxes? If you were a citizen in Britain paying much heavier taxes than the Americans, what would you think of the colonists’ uprising?
Mnemonic
Prime Minister George Grenville is like Cruella de Vil.
Forced Repeal of Stamp Act
Mercantilism
Prime Minister George Grenville
Pros:
- Mutual trade benefits
- Monopolies
- Protection
Cons:
- Stunted Economic Growth
- Economic dependency
- International Trade Restrictions
- Stamp Act Congress of 1765
- Ignored in Britain
- Increased colonial unity
- Boycott supplies
- Sons and Daughters of liberty
- Repealed in 1766
- Declaratory Act instated
- Parliament has the right to bind colonies
What were the effects of the Navigation Law of 1650?
Which Prime Minister began enforcing the Navigation Law and secured the Sugar, Stamp, and Quartering acts?
What did a Republican society depend on?
Where was the first Committee of Correspondence formed? Who formed it?
What was an effect of the Townshend Acts?
- Believed America should help pay off French and Indian War/Seven Years War debt
- Enforced Navigation Laws
- Sugar Act (1764)
- Quartering Act (1765)
- Stamp Act (1765)
American Soldiers
- Severe lack of basic military supplies
- Few muskets or uniforms
- Needed gunpowder, armaments
- Old reliance on Britain for military supplies
Mercantilism
- Prompted Smuggling
- Caused Currency Shortage
- Alternative Currency
- Paper Currency
- Paper Money & Bankruptcy Laws Outlawed
- Mandated official stamps on paper/commercial and legal documents
- Raise money for new military
- Colonists say it's unnecessary and
unjust
- "No taxation without representation"
- Britain says they have "virtual representation"
Stamp Act (1765)
Difficulties
- Lack of food, clothes, and shoes
- General short supply of manufactured goods
- Blacks fought for both the American and British forces
- American militiamen unreliable against professional British Redcoats
- justified British control of colonies
- Americans=Tenants
- creates American dependency
The American Revolution went off like a BOMB.
B: Boston Tea Party
O: Opposition (First Continental Congress)
M: Minutemen win Lexington and Concord
B: Boston Massacre
Navigation Laws
- By war’s end more than 5,000 blacks had enlisted
November 1775 Lord Dunmore, royal governor of Virginia promised freedom to slaves who joined the British army
- Drillmasters like the German Baron von Steuben whipped regulars into shape
- Alliance with France extremely necessary
- all commerce uses only British ships
- restrictions on imports/exports
- tariffs
- exclusive trade with Britain
- needed a reliable source of military supplies
- Profiteers exploit British and Colonists alike
British Disadvantages
Navigation Laws
(1650)
- citizens' reluctance to fight
- mediocre generals; mistreated soldiers
- scarce and contaminated provisions
Britain
America
- monetary backing of the Royal Treasury
- no central center whose capture would cripple the colonies
- self-sustaining in agriculture
- fighting 3,000 miles away from home
- military orders arrived too late to be effective
- forced to conquer the colonies for victory
Advantages
- Outstanding military and civil leadership: George Washington and Benjamin Franklin
- Marquis de Lafayette secured French aid
- 30,000 mercenaries: Hessians
- backing of the world's strongest navy
- moral advantage of fighting for a just cause
- Fighting defensively with defensive odds in their favor
Why was the Continental Congress summoned?
- April 19, 1775 the British sent troops to Concord
Disadvantages
- capture stores of rebel gunpowder
- capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock
What battles sparked the war?
- At Lexington, British Redcoats fired and killed 8 Americans
Who did Mercantilism benefit the most, and how?
- badly organized from start of war
- At Concord the British were forced to retreat
- lacked unity and certainty
What was the Association?
Which Frenchman contributed significantly to the success of the Americans in the Revolutionary War?
- known "as the shot heard round the world"
- uprising of resentment between colonies
- sectional jealousy rose during miltary leader appointments
- sparked the Revolutionary War
- lack of steady supply of ammunition and materials
- extreme lack of metallic money led Congress to print worthless "Continental" paper money
- Congress had little power over individual colonies
Continental Congress
- drew up a Declaration of Rights
- solemn appeals to the king and other British colonies
- complete boycott of British goods: nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption
- repeal the offensive taxes
- "taxation without representation is tyranny"
Based on the advantages and disadvantages of both sides, why did both sides choose war over discussion and peace?
- would meet again in May 1775
- More of a convention than a congress
- Deliberated for 7 weeks, from September 5 to October 26, 1774
A Continental Congress was summoned in response to the Intolerable Acts
12 colonies sent delegates
Samuel Adams, John Adams, George Washington, and Patrick Henry
- Boston Tea Party sparked colonial resentment
- blockade of Boston Harbor led to colonial support