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Contributions:
-25% of Miami indutries are Cuban.
-Most educated ethnics groups in the USA.
Citizenship in the USA:
-After an year they are eligible to apply for a change in legal status, get an inmigrant visa, permanent recidence and U.S citizenship.
-The policy applies to undocument aliens from Cuba only.
Employments:
-Cubans that went to the USA could start with economically superior jobs to survive.
- Cubans that had an academic degree could start to practice their profession in the USA.
- Most of them are doctors.
Assimilation:
-Depends on the time in which they migrated.
- The 1950', 60',70' migrants who were high class Cubans assimilated easily because of their high levels of education.
-Recently inmigrants have not assimilated as easily as earlier inmigrants because they migrate to the USA searching for jobs and a better quality of life.
1959 –1960
250,000 Cuban
immigrants arrived
1965-1973
300,000 Cuban
immigrants arrived
1980
125,000 Cuban
immigrants arrived
and are not considered emigrants.
Cuban Adjustment Act
Provides that a Cuban who has been paroled into the country will automatically be granted legal permanent refugee status one year after entry as long as criminal or other deportable acts have not been committed.
Access to the benefits of the refugee program such as adjustment assistance and immediate access to welfare and health benefits, access to subsidized housing, job training assistance, etc.
First wave
their property, culture, and political connections. (scared of communism)
Informal name given to an agreement Cuban migrants seeking passage to the United States who are intercepted at sea ("wet feet") are sent back to Cuba or to a third country, while those who make it to U.S. soil ("dry feet") are allowed to remain in the United States. The policy has been written into law as an amendment to the 1966 Cuban Adjustment Act.
Family preference-based immigrant visa petitions.
Opportunity to travel to the United States rather than remain in Cuba until their immigrant visa case becomes current.
To expedite family reunification through safe, legal, and orderly channels of migration to the US and to discourage dangerous and irregular maritime migration
Second wave (60´s - 70´s)
Third Wave (80´s)
Fourth wave
Closeness
Florida coast to Cuba.
Gives immigrants a close destination to escape the harms of their home country.
63% of all Cubans in the United States live in Florida.
There are also large Cuban communities in New York, New Jersey and California.
Miami, just 225 miles away from Cuba, has been highly influenced by significant waves of immigration. The most significant was during the Cuban Revolution in 1959, in which thousands of Cubans settled Hialeah and in the ethnic enclave Little Havana.
KEY REFERENCES
1. 1933: Batista´s regime, drove thousands of Cubans into exile.
2. 1959: The Cuban Revolution drove thousands of exiles to Miami and other cities in the United States.
3. 1980: Approximately 125.000 of cubans flee from Cuba from the Puerto de Mariel .
4. Miami today
WAYS:
Oceanic migration routes
Communist since the 1959 revolution (military coup - Fidel Castro):
Precarious economy, aided by Venezuela
Political reasons
-1959: supporters of Batista´s regime.
-Flee the persecution of Castro’s government
-Freedoms of democracy, such as the freedom of speech and the press, freedom is a draw of the United States.
Economic reasons
-During Castro’s rule, the conditions of life got worse, and many people now flee seeking a jobs and a better life. Present migration continues at a high rate.
-Many Cubans leave seeking a better life and employment. They also often have family members in the US, giving them a base on which to begin their life.
-Cubans´ life conditions become worse day by day, high level of poverty, people die of hunger, lack of jobs, people with university degrees can't practice their professions.