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Language Acquisition Theories
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Language Acquisition Theories
By Emily Bierbower
First Language Theories
Conversation Theories
- Learner's native language causes difficulty learning second language
- Similarity between L1 and L2 determines how easy or difficult it will be for student to learn English
- Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
- Universal Grammar Theory
- Type of experience theory
- Importance of conversation in learning L2
- Uses scaffolding to participate in conversation
- Does not require full sentences during responses
- Natural conversation and tasks will result in learning L2
CAH
Universal Grammar Theory
- Theory from 1960s
- Associated with Skinner's behavioral learning theory
- Reinforcement turns into habit
- Carefully planned drills
- Impractical for language teaching
- Associated with Noam Chomsky
- Theory from 1980s and 1990s
- Reset L1 parameters in order to learn L2
- Language universals transfer from L1 to L2
- Depending on native language, students have different needs
Language Acquisition Theories
- First Language Theories
- Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
- Universal Grammar Theory
- Cognitive Learning Theories
- Experience Theories
- Input Hypothesis
- Conversation Theories
Experience Theories
- L2 is learned through direct experiences with the new language
- Must use the language to learn the language
- Learning L2 is different from learning other subjects
- Input hypothesis- Stephen Krashen
Cognitive Learning Theories
Input Hypothesis
- Developing L2 unconsciously, through exposure
- Result is complete L2 proficiency
- Learning L2 is different from other types of learning
- Ultimate type of input is not too easy or too complex- learn at appropriate level
- View learning L2 as similar to learning other subjects in school
- Barry McLaughlin and Ellen Bialystok associated with these theories
- L2 relies on attention and automatic control of language
- Connect new material to existing knowledge
Resources
- Horwitz, E. K. (2013). Becoming a language teacher: A practical guide to second language learning and teaching (2nd ed.). Pearson Education.
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