The Petition of Right: 1628 England

The Petition of Right: 1628 England

Works Cited:

http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/361/361-02.htm

http://www.ask.com/question/what-was-life-like-in-england-during-the-1600s

http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/Our_Country_Vol_1/life17th_dh.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_technology

http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/Seventeenth.htm

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bpor/hd_bpor.htm

http://www.england.org.za/art-and-artists.php#.UjG_XonD-1s

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_years_in_literature

http://billofrightsinstitute.org/resources/educator-resources/americapedia/americapedia-documents/petition-of-right/

http://www.freedomforum.org/packages/first/curricula/educationforfreedom/BriefHistory.htm

http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/123/123%20301%201628.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eliot_(statesman)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wentworth,_1st_Earl_of_Strafford

http://billofrightsinstitute.org/resources/educator-resources/americapedia/americapedia-documents/petition-of-right/

http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/petitionofright.htm

What is the Petition of Right?

• Presented to Charles I by Sir Edward Coke

• If they refused to pay they were put in front of the Privy Council and imprisoned

• Charles I instituted the document in 1628

• POR said no individual should be taken, imprisoned, or dissected of liberties

• Demanded:
• No free man should be forced to pay any tax, loan or benevolence, unless in accordance with an act of parliament
• No free man should be imprisoned contrary to the laws of the land
• Soldiers and sailors should not be billeted on private persons
• Commissions to punish soldiers and sailors by martial law should be abolished

• complained that commissioners had been appointed with power to proceed "according to justice of martial law"

The People

• asked that all these wrongs be righted from the peition and that no man after could be compelled to make any loan or payment

Background on the English 1600s

• People of England were required to pay sums to the crown

The Petition of Rights involved several important personalities (people). Mainly, it involved King Charles I, who was forced to sign and, due to the document, had his power as a monarch restricted. Sir Edward Coke, Sir John Eliot, and Sir Thomas Wentworth all advocated the rights for Parliament in different ways. Sir Edward Coke presented the POR to King Charles I along with Sir Thomas Wentworth and Sir John Eliot who strongly supported the petition and believed in rights for the people and Parliament. These people were against King Charles I’s decision to break up Parliament and rule how he wanted.

Industry

Sir John Elliot

Sir Edward Coke

King Charles I and Thomas Wentworth

• one effect of the rise in population was a general increase in prices especially of food

• approved and signed the petition of right in 1628

• Statesman in Parliament

• presented the Petition of Right to King Charles, after the king decided to break up Parliament and rule the kingdom on his own

• Parliament wouldn't approve taxes until King Charles signed

• Overwhelmingly rural and agricultural country

• Wanted more rights for Parliament

• convinced the lords to meet with the Commons in April of 1628 to discuss the petition

• Production of food was the main economic activity

• Believed the king was necessary to let the government have power

• Affirmed by the Commons and sent to the Lords, who approved it on May 17, 1628

• Main leaders of the opposition against Charles I, along with Coke

• Backed the Petition of Rights (POR) because he felt the Parliament was also necessary and needed rights for the people

• Most important event of the year was the harvest

• Member of Parliament

• Imprisoned in the Tower of London for advocating against King Charles

• Proclaimed of rights and liberties , such as taxation without Parliamentary approval, habeas corpus (prohibition on soldiers being billeted in houses without owners will:, and prohibition on imposing martial law on civilians

• Served as adviser to King Charles before he was executed

• Agriculture more important than industry at the time

• Died in the Tower of London

• First Earl of Stanford

Wentworth

King Charles I

• Comfortable and prosperous
• Trade and Industry grew rapidly
• More of a commercial country
• Divided into upper, middle, and lower class
• Upper class grew in wealth
• Kings and Parliament Members were categorized as upper class and had big houses and expensive things
• Farmers worked many hours, good pay, nice houses, own their own things, and enough food
• Soldiers and sailors were the lowest class who worked hard with small wages, dirty shelters, and not much food
• Dirty streets
• Foul smell
• Over population
• Lots of food and waste

Technology

Literature

• Mining and Metallurgy

• Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes

• Blast furnace~ enabled iron to be produced in significant quantities

• Finery Forge~ enabled pig iron (from blast furnace) into bar iron (wrought iron)

Art

• Novum Organum by Francis Bacon

• Slitting Mill~ mechanized the production of iron rods for nail making

Charles I of England (1600-49) and Queen Henrietta Maria (1609-69) on Oil Canvas, Painted by Sir Anthony Van Dyck

• Smeltmill~ increased the output of lead over previous methods (bole hill)

• Henry VII by William Shakespeare

• The term "baroque" is used by art historians to describe European painting, sculpture,and architecture created in the period from around 1600 to 1750

Adoration of the Magi

• England was suspicious of the power of visual images

• Architecture flourished in London after the Great Fire of 1666