References
Frequently Asked Questions | Common Core State Standards Initiative. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.corestandards.org/about-the-standards/frequently-asked-questions/
Great Schools Partnership. (2013, December 13). Backward Design Definition. Retrieved from https://www.edglossary.org/backward-design/
Newman, R., Fielstein, L., & Phelps, P. (2013). Teaching and Learning in the 21st Century Connecting the Dots [https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUEDU650.13.2/sections/cover].
UC Denver. (2007). Module 3: Learning Objectives. Retrieved from http://www.ucdenver.edu/faculty_staff/faculty/center-for-faculty-development/Documents/tutorials/Assessment/module3/index.htm
Backwards Design compared to Traditional Design
The Role of CCSS in Designing Effective Instruction:
Backwards Design Vs. Traditional Model
Planning Process of Backwards Design Activity
When educators use the traditional methods to be able to design their lessons, they started with the planning of a learning activity and focusing on what goals should or need to be met by the time they are done with the activity. This very much differs from the Backwards Design Approach. In the Backwards Design, the lesson is close to being flipped. The teacher begins with the goals they want the students to be able to meet and they then set-up the curriculum around the set goals to be learned.
Common Core State Standards provide the guidance as well as information to the teachers and educators in the process of designing an effective instruction. Each standard involves the goal of each student receiving the knowledge and skills that are needed to be a successful within our everyday evolving society that is forever changing.
"High standards that are consistent across states provide teachers, parents, and students with a set of clear expectations to ensure that all students have the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in college, career, and life upon graduation from high school, regardless of where they live." (corestandards.org, 2018).
First Grade Backwards Design Lesson Aligned with CCSS.
Backwards Design Three Steps
Meaning of Backwards Design
"The basic rationale motivating backward design is that starting with the end goal, rather than a starting with the first lesson chronologically delivered during a unit or course, helps teachers design a sequence of lessons, problems, projects, presentations, assignments, and assessments that result in students achieving the academic goals of a course or unit—that is, actually learning what they were expected to learn." (EdGlossary.org, 2013).
So basically they are planning their lessons backwards to help the students reach their goals in a different way, that works better for them.
Common Pitfalls in Planning Effective Lessons
Common pitfalls in planning effective lessons are not obtaining information from reliable sources to design effective lessons, relying on personal knowledge instead of asking other educators for their advice, creating unclear objectives, and beginning with the planning of the activity instead of learning outcomes (Newman, Fielstein, & Phelps, 2013). Some other pitfalls would include having goals that are not at all realistic to the students that are learning it, and would not me all of the students needs.
These are things that can clearly be avoided by knowing the needs of the students, and the learning goals that need to be met. using all resources that are available, as well as following the steps of creating a positive backwards design effective lesson.
Lisa Lincoln
Edu. 650
Teaching, Learning and Leading in the 21st Century
Instructor: Dusty Clark Phd.
Objectives Aligned with Common Core Standards
Most Important Elements of Effective Lesson Design
A good learning objective should be made of a clear goal that is obtainable, that is designed with the students unique learning needs in mind. For example, a good learning objective for first grade, regular education student would be that the students will able to identify 90 percent of the text with no assistance, as well as be able to answer any questions about the characters and the plot the book includes, such as, Magic Tree House (Dinosaurs Before Dark). This will align with the common Core State Standards for Iowa.
In order to create an effective lesson design, there are various elements that are necessary for this to happen. Three of these possible elements are standard alighned activities to help student learning happen, clear and concious objectives for student learning, and also creating differentiated assessments to be able to monitor student learning, comprehension as well as retention. In agreement to the textbook, Teaching and Learning in the Twenty First Century Connecting the Dots, "How a teacher spends time planning, and what is planned for students to do, can make difference in ensuring they will understand key concepts that prepare them for the next unit and excite them about learning." (Newman, Fielstein, & Phelps, 2013).
Good Learning Objectives
To have good learning objectives in highly important when you are planning effective instruction that has to do with the goal of the lesson to be able to make a positive impact on the students and be able to increase their knowledge. "Well-defined and articulated learning objectives are important because they:
provide students with a clear purpose to focus their learning efforts
direct your choice of instructional activities
guide your assessment strategies." (UOC, 2007).