Copy of X-Word Grammar Presentation U of Akron

Seven

Sentence

Patterns

S X Vb ----------What?----------------

Teachers should make more money than lawyers.

1) T. Trunk

2) T =

Trunk with 2 verbs

5) T + t.

Trunk, and trunk.

6)

T, i, t. Trunk, middle insert, rest of trunk.

T, i. Trunk, end insert.

7)

T; l, t. Trunk; linker, trunk.

T. L, t. Trunk. Linker, trunk.

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S V V

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3) T es.

Trunk with end shifter.

Teachers often work in their free time.

Teachers don't make much money. However, most of us wouldn't do anything else.

4) Fs, t.

Front shifter, trunk.

In their free time, teachers often work.

but grammar can be fun.

Some people think grammar is boring,

my son

Did

Base

Teaching grammar, for me, is very rewarding.

English grammar is orderly and elegant, in my opinion.

What are the X-Words?

Try to make 21 yes/no questions ( questions that can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no"). Use a different first word for each question. You have just discovered the X-Words!

The rules for making negative statements and questions with visible X-Words are straightforward.

n't

To make a sentence negative, add

not or n't after the X-word.

My son is good at math.

To make a question, the X-Word moves in front of the subject.

have, has, had

do, does, did

am, is, are, was, were

can, could

will, would

shall, should

ought to, must, might, may

X

Is my son good at math?

is

Are you awake?

Is he here?

Did you understand?

Have you had coffee?

Shall we go?

Should I start over?

Does she know?

Do you want to know more?

Am I invited?

Were they there?

Had it already started to rain?

Might I have a word?

What do you think of that?

The DO mice

Most students need time to understand the three HIDDEN X-Words, do, does, and did. The "Do Mice" help illustrate the concept.

VpDID

Students can learn the X-Words by memorizing them to the tune of Jingle Bells.

My son studied hard .

X

Base

My son

study hard.

1. They are used to make questions.

2. They are used to make negatives.

3. They are used to find the subject of a sentence.

4. They are used to indicate time (tense).

5. They are used to add meaning.

D-T-N

have

has

had

do

does

did

can

could

shall

should

will

would

must

might

may

What are X-Words used for?

BASE

have

has

had

Students immediately apply what they've learned by looking for X-Words in ANY text and noting what each X-word's job or jobs is.

You should take the #5 Train to get to Times Square.

No, you shouldn't. Don't take the #5. You (do) have to take the #1.

But the # 1 isn't running today.

Are the #2 and #3 running?

Well, they weren't running yesterday. I don't know about today. You should take the #5 to Grand Central; then you can change to the Shuttle.

Ving

D-T-N

Ds

am

is

are

was

were

X-word/Verb

Match-ups

The Question Hand helps students remember our inverted question word order.

get

an "A"?

X-word Tools

The little did mouse takes his tail with him. The PAST job moves with the X-Word. It leaves the BASE behind.

my son study hard?

Dt Ds * Vp

My youngest son got an "A" on his math test.

Noun

You can use them in objects

I took my youngest son to school.

BOXes

You can use them in Prepositional phrases

* X Ds pr|Dt Ds *

I'm proud < of my youngest son > !

Or even clauses

CW

Dt Ds *

When my youngest son got an "A",

I cried for joy!

SLEEPING