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Risk Factors

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Bias

"Individual bias is defined in this context as a positive or negative attitude, assumption, or judgement of any particular racial or cultural group that affect child welfare decision-making practices and policies" (Miller, Kahn, Anderson-Nathe, Cause, & Bender, 2013, p. 9)

  • Bias may exist during:
  • Initial reports
  • Screened in/substantiation
  • minor's removal from home/placement

Bias vs. Risk Factors

A higher number of white children enter the foster care system. However, children of color are more likely to remain in foster care

"Children of color experience a higher number of placements than white children, and they are less likely to be reunified with the birth families" (Goode, 2014, p.10)

With the current social issue at hand gaining much attention, it is necessary to formulate explanatory theories of causation so interventions can be put into place. There are two main contending theories:

  • Bias
  • Increased risk factors

Demographics

  • United States Population: 316,128,839
  • Infant and toddlers make up 1/4 of the population
  • 6.3 million children involved in reports to Child Protective Services (CPS) in 2012
  • 18% of those referrals were "screened in" and substantiated
  • African American children made up 22% of victims, despite their population only representing 14%

History

  • Mary Ellen-the first documented case of child abuse
  • 1875-Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children created
  • the first child protection agency
  • 1899-first juvenile court in Chicago
  • 1910-x-ray technology developed
  • 1962-Battered Child Syndrome became a diagnosis
  • 1974-Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
  • 1974-Indian Child Welfare Act
  • 1980-Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act
  • 1990-Indian Child Protection and Family Violence Prevention Act

(Goode, 2014)

Disproportionality in the Child Welfare System: Children of Color

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