WATER AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

WATER AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION

Textile industry is one of the major industries in the world that provide employment with no required special skills and play a major role in the economy of many countries. It is concerned with the production of yarn, cloth and the subsequent design or manufacture of clothing and their distribution. The textile industry has been condemned as being one of the world’s worst offenders in terms of pollution because it requires a great amount of two components: chemicals: as many as 2,000 different chemicals are used in the textile industry,

Waste In Textile Industry Processes

production processes

OVERVIEW

INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT (ENVE 523)

WATER AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

SUPERVISOR: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rana KIDAK

* Introduction.

*production processes.

*Waste In Textile Industry Processes. (Table 1).

*Solid waste.

*waste water.

*Treatment of Textile Industry.

*Video.

*Standards.

GROUP NAME: ENVOCARE

Yarn Formation: Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, and rope making.

7.DEC.2016

Fabric formation: Textile fabrics are formed mainly by weaving or knitting processes, Broad woven mills consume the largest portion of textile fiber and produce the raw textile material from which most textile products are made

Fabric preparation: which is reserved for natural fiber-containing fabric, cleans the fabric and increases its absorbency and whiteness, which ensures better dye uniformity and color fastness.

Waste Water: Textile waste water includes variety of a dyes and chemical additions that make the environmental challenge for textile industry not only as liquid waste but also in its chemical composition.Main pollution in texitile waste water come from dyeing and finishing processes.These processes require the input of a wide range of chemical and dyestuffs, which generally are organic compound of complex structure .Water is used as the principal medium apply dyes and various chemicals for finishes.Because all of them are not contained in the final product, became waste and caused disposal problems.Major pollutants in texile waste waters are high suspended solid, chemical oxygen demand, heat, color, acidity,and other soluble substances.Substances which need to be removed from texile wastewater are mainly COD, BOD, nitrogen, heavy metals,and dyestuffs.

Soild Waste: Most of the solid wastes originate from the dry process while the wet process yields only a small amount of solid wastes.

(Dry process: is vaporized from a product by the application of heat.)

The majority of solid wastes are made of pieces of fabrics and packaging materials. The dried up sludge from the textile production is also a major source of solid waste. Solid wastes are not found to be hazardous in general. However, the emptied chemical containers may contain traces of harmful substances.

Treatment of Textile Industry

STANDARDS

REFERENCES

 http://chttp://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/production-characterization-and-treatment-of-textile-effluents-a-critical-review-2157-7048.1000182.pdf

 dn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/22395.pdf

 http://www.sadgurupublications.com/ContentPaper/2012/4_1453_10(2)2012.pdf

 http://www.agedweb.org/courses/aget120/rope.pdf

 Eswaramoorthi S, Dhanapal K, Chauhan D (2008), studies on characterization of textile industrial waste water in solapur city , (7 pages)

 The Journal of Cotton Science 11:141–153 (2007) 141 http://journal.cotton.org, © The Cotton Foundation 2007

 https://www.cotton.org/journal/2007-11/3/upload/jcs11-141.pdf

 Bechtold, T., R. Mussak, A. Mahmud-Ali, E. Ganglberger, and S. Geissler. 2005. Extraction of natural dyes for textile dyeing from coloured plant wastes released from the food and beverage industry. J. Sci. Food Agric.

 Marrot, B., and N. Roche. 2002. Wastewater treatment and reuse in textile industries, a review. Res. Adv. Water. Res.

 Kaur R, Wani SP, Singh AK and Lal K (2012),Wastewater production, treatment and use in India, 2nd regional workshop on Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture, May 16-18,New Delhi, India. (83 pages)

 Pathe, P.P., Biswas, A. K. and Kaul, S. N., Physico-Chemical Treatment for Wastewater from Cluster of Small scale Cotton Textile Industries. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, (2001). G. Tamburlini and Bertollini (2002) (55 pages)

 Chamam, B., Heran, M., Amar, R. B. and Grasmick, A., Comparison of Textile Dye Treatment by Biosorption and Membrane Bioreactor. Environmental Technology (2007). (92 pages)

 K. R. Ramakrishna and T. Viraraghavan, Use of Slag for Dye Removal. Waste Management (1997). (25 pages)

 Smith , B Rucker J, ‘Water and Textile Processing’ , department of Textile Chemistiry, NSCU, Raleigh, 2001. (59 pages)

 Porter C, ‘water quality requirements for reuse in textile dyeing process’ American Dyestuff Reporter, October 1980 (28 pages)

 Van Rensburg, N.J.J. , ‘The Use of Reclaimed Water in Textile Industiry.’ National Institute for Water Research. Textile Industry digest, April 1984 (69 pages)

 http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/29369.pdf

Conclusion

The textile industry is one of the leading sectors in the world’s economy as it contributes nearly 14 percent to the total industrial production, the untreated textile wastewater can cause rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen if it is directly discharged into the surface water sources due to its high BOD value. The effluents with high levels of BOD and COD values are highly toxic to biological life. The high alkalinity and traces of chromium which is employed in dyes adversely affect the aquatic life and interfere with the biological treatment processes. The quality of such effluent can be analyzed by their physicochemical and biological analysis.

Dyeing: After preparation, color is applied to fabric through dyeing and/or printing. Textiles may be dyed, during any of the four stages of production, by using either batch or continuous techniques. Continuous dyeing is used for long runs of a particular fabric color and tends to be more efficient than batch processes

Printing: In printing, color is deposited on the fabric and fixed by using steam, heat, or chemical treatment. Print pastes are formulated to ensure proper flow properties during application (thixograph), yand adhere to the fabric until they are dried.

Final finishing: Most fabrics undergo one or more final finishing processes (involving both chemical and physical processes) to enhance properties such as durability, appearance, or safeness

Product fabrication: Finished cloth or fabric is fabricated into a wide variety of apparel, household, and industrial products. Textile mills produce some of the simpler products, such as bags, sheets, towels, pillowcases, blankets, and draperies.