Safety and Infection Control In Phlebotomy

Proper Post-exposure Prophylaxis

Resources For Phlebotomists

• General Information: www.cdc.gov
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): www.cdc.gov/niosh/
• Bloodborne Pathogen Information: www.OSHA.gov/SLTC/bloodbornepathogens/index.html
• World Health Organization (WHO): www.who.int/topics/infection_control/en/
• Post-Exposure CDC Management and Treatment Guildelines: www.cdc.gov.NIOSH/topics/bbp/guidelines.html
• National Clinical Consultation for Exposure Management: www.nccc.ucsf.edu
• National Clinicians Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Hotline: 888-448-4911
• Centers for Disease Control Hotline: 800-CDC-INFO

Modes of Transmission

Case Study

• Direct contact
• Indirect contact
• Droplet contact
• Transmission by vehicle
• Transmission by vector
• Transmission by inhalation

• Needlestick injury due to improper safety practices - recapping of a used needle and failure to dispose of waste in sharps container
• Transferred body fluid between containers
• Insufficient testing and monitoring of exposed healthcare worker after injury
• No preventative medical intervention
• Contracted HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), HBV (Hepatitis B), and HBC (Hepatitis C)
• Died only 28 months post exposure

Chain of Infection

What is Infectious Disease Control?

Safety and Infection Control In Phlebotomy

An infectious, or communicable disease is one that is transmissible, from person to person by direct contact with an affected individual or individual's body fluids.

To prevent the spread of disease, healthcare workers must practice strict safety precautions to maintain effective infectious disease control.

Standard Precautions and Exposure Prevention

Prepared by: Laura A. Saul

Class: PLB

Date: November 16, 2014

Instructor: Kennedy Ogoye

Presentation #4

Breaking the Chain of Infection

Standard precautions identify proper procedures for the following:

• Hand Hygiene
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Sharps and Safety
• Respiratory Hygiene
• Waste Management

Sharps Safety

• An estimated 390,000 needlestick injuries occur
• annually in U.S. hospitals
• 50% of all sharps injuries occur during the use of the sharp, 30% occur after use but before activation of the safety device and disposal
• A busy phlebotomist may draw from 50 patients per day, which is 10,000 draws per year. Based on reported incidents, one in every 10,000 draws result in injury. An average healthcare worker may have one or more incidents per year involving needlestick injuries.

• Proper personal hygiene
• Proper sanitization methods
• Early recognition allowing for transmission based precautions
• Immunization
• Employee health exams
• Proper nutrition, exercise and rest

Basic

Personal Protective Equipment

• Gloves
• Gowns and Aprons
• Masks and Respirators
• Goggles
• Face Shields

Common Causes of Infectious Disease Transmission

Resources

CDC.gov

CDC.gov.NIOSH

OSHA.gov

Phlebotomy Handbook, 8th Edition Basic to Advanced

By: Diana Garza and Kathleen Bescan-McBride

Phlebotomy Technician Program Workbook, 2010-2011 Pearson Learning Solution

WHO.int/en

WHO.int/topics/infection

Failure to Adhere to Standard Precautions