The Three Types of Cells

Plant, Animal, and Bacteria cells

~Venn Diagram~

Animal cell

Plant Cell

Remember that only Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and everything in it (except for DNA).

Nucleus

Nuclear Pore:

• It is the hole in the nuclear membrane that allows mRNA in and out so that Protein synthesis and other processes may be carried out.
• The pores are similar to gates in a fence around a valuable building.

Nucleolus

• The nucleus serves the same purpose in all of the types of cells. It controls the DNA and mitosis, gene functions and every action within the cell.

• The organelle that creates the ribosomes, which in turn create the proteins needed to do functions around the body.
• The nucleolus symbolizes the work force that creates the factory in the "Celltown."

Microfilament

• the lysosome contains an abundance of enzymes used to break down food-related items and reject unwanted ones. They are only present in animal cells.
• These little organelles are very similar to street sweepers or utility workers.

Nuclear Membrane/Envelope:

• The nuclear envelope is a casing around the nucleus. It contains nuclear pores and lets mRNA in and out for protein synthesis.
• The membrane is sort of like a skull to a body or a fence with many little gates.

Cell Membrane:

• The boundary around a cell and allows food and nutrients to flow in and out.
• This is just like the nuclear membrane, where it lets particles in and out.
• Therefore, the cell membrane is an analogy to a gate around a city.

Chromoplasts

• These are like leucoplasts except they are hot colors like yellow, orange, and red. Chromoplasts are found in the cytoskeleton as well, showing that the cell is either orange, red, or yellow.
• The chromoplast is like a coat of paint or dye on theoutside of an object.

Cytoplasm:

• It makes up the rest of the cell where the rest of the organelles aren't.
• Many nutrients, pieces of RNA, and discarded objects are transported through the cytoplasm.
• The cytoplasm is just like the air we breathe: taking up space and allowing things to pass through it.

• The microfilament are strands that make up a layer around the inside of the cytoskeleton, so they add shape and structure.
• They appear in all types of cells
• An analogy for microfilament is Support beams in a large building or factory.

Cytoskeleton:

• The cytoskeleton is the inner structure to the cell, and is made up of microtubules and microfilaments.
• The cytoskeleton could be symbolic of the skeleton, hence the name, cytoSKELETON.

During mitosis, the centrioles take action:

• It makes up DNA and proteins. When the chromatin compacts itself, it forms chromosomes, which divide in half during mitosis in Eukaryotic cells.
• Chromatin is like cookie dough; you have a recipe and bake cookies, but you split it in half to make more to grow your friendship.

• The two cylinders in an x shape that break apart when a cell is ready to split (all eukaryotic cells).
• These are symbolic of magnets. They produce the spindles that attach to chromosomes and pull them apart.

Cell Wall:

• found in plant cells and some bacteria cells; the cell wall is the strongest support, keeping each organelle inside and providing a boxed effect famous to the plant cells.
• Cell walls are similar to a box or fence arond a square piece of property.

Similarities of

the two eukaryotes

Flagellum

Microtubule:

• The microtubule is tiny strands that keep the organelles in place, like in all three cells.
• If the organelles of a cell were a puppet, then the microtubules would be the marionette strings.

Chloroplast:

• The chloroplast is equivalent to that of a solar panel.
• Just like a chloroplast, solar panels absorb light energy, turning that into food or more energy for the cell itself.

Microfilament:

• The microfilament are strands that make up a layer around the inside of the cytoskeleton, so they add shape and structure.
• An analogy for microfilament is Support beams in a large building or factory.

Peroxisome:

• It is just like the lysosome, but for plant cells instead of animal cells. It breaks down waste and toxic items.
• THis enzyme is just like a janitor or cleaning maid; they get rid of all the waste in the house.

Vacuole:

• The vacuole is a balloon-like structure that holds food, nutrients, and water.
• These appear in both animal and plant cells, but there are more water vacuoles in the plant cell.
• Because a vacuole is similar to a balloon, the water inside can be considered the water in a plant cell.

• Nucleus and all its insides like the nucleolus
• all the organelles

• This is the long, tail-like structure that aids the movement of any prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. The flagellum is most prominent on prokaryotic cells, though.
• An acronym for the flagellum is the tail of a fish.

• It makes up the rest of the cell where the rest of the organelles aren't.
• Many nutrients, pieces of RNA, and discarded objects are transported through the cytoplasm.
• The cytoplasm is just like the air we breathe: taking up space and allowing things to pass through it.

Vacuole:

• the vacuole is a balloon-like structure (analogy there) that holds food, nutrients, and water. These appear in both animal and plant cells, but there are more water vacuoles in the plant cell.

Microtubule:

• The microtubule is the extremely and almost invisibly thin filament that keeps the organelles in place 24/7
• If the inside of a cell were a puppet, then the microtubules would be the marionette strings.

Differences

Cilia

Ribosome:

• The ribosomes reside on the rough Endoplasmic reticulum.
• It taranslates codons to amino acids, and in turn, proteins.
• the DNA's on and off gene switches determine what proteins are created as well.
• an analogy for the ribosomes is that the ribosomes are construction workers who have to create a building. They get the instructions and have to build it layer by layer.

• Cilia are tiny hairy filaments that help the cell to move. Appearing in both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, cilia also help objects around the cell to be able to be absorbed into the cell's membrane.
• something symbolic of cilia are an octopuses' tentacles.

Nucleolus:

• The organelle that creates the ribosomes, which in turn create the proteins needed to do functions around the body.
• The nucleolus symbolizes the work force that creates the factory in the "Celltown."

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

• It is the transport for many mRNA to the ribosomes. The smooth ER contains no ribosomes, and the rough ER does, discerning the two.
• The endoplasmic reticulum are just like the roads of a tiny town, heping things to get to where they need to be.

Cytoskeleton:

• this is
• The cytoskeleton could be symbolic of the skeleton, hence the name, cytoSKELETON.

• plant cell has a cell wall
• anial cell gas cilia and sometimes a flagella
• plant cells have chloroplasts and animal cells have leucoplasts.

Mitochondrion:

• The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
• The mitochondria takes one type of energy (food or nutrients) and translates it to energy for each of the organelles to use up.
• Similar to pixie dust and the disney fairies; they use the pixie dust to power their flight and nature abilities.

Vesicles:

• These organelles transport nutrients and other objects in and out of the cell.
• They can be similar to Taxi cabs or Fed Ex trucks, exactly the same as in a plant cell.

• The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. Because it is an organelle, it is only in eukaryotic cells.
• The mitochondria takes one type of energy (food or nutrients) and translates it to energy for each of the organelles to use up.
• Similar to pixie dust and the disney fairies; they use the pixie dust to power their flight and nature abilities.

Chromatin:

• It makes up DNA and proteins. When the chromatin compacts itself, it forms chromosomes, which divide in half during mitosis.
• Chromatin is like cookie dough; you have a recipe and bake cookies, but you split it in half to make more to grow your friendship.

• This serves the same purpose as in the plant cell. It helps distribute molecules from inside the cell.
• Just as before, the golgi complex could be related to as the postal office.

Nuclear Pore:

• It is the hole in the nuclear membrane that allows mRNA in and out so that Protein synthesis and other processes may be carried out.
• The pores are similar to gates in a fence around a valuable building.

• These take place on the rough Endoplasmic reticulum and create amino acids and proteins, same as in the plant cell.
• The ribosomes reflect construction workers.

• The plasma membrane is a double layer of phospholipids and proteins, managing the imports and exports of the cell.
• an analogy for the membrane is an agrucultural border check for a United States boundary.

Vesicles:

• These are tiny transportation organelles containing nothing more than a membrane. These organelles can transport nutrients and other objects in and out of the cell.
• They can be similar to Taxi cabs or Fed Ex trucks as an analogy.

• It is the transport for many mRNA to the ribosomes. The smooth ER contains no ribosomes, and the rough ER does, discerning the two, same as the plant cell.
• The endoplasmic reticulum are just like the roads of a tiny town, heping things to get to where they need to be.

• The boundary around a cell and allows food and nutrients to flow in and out.
• This is just like the nuclear membrane, where it lets particles in and out, as in all cells.
• Therefore, the cell membrane is an analogy to a gate around a city.

Nuclear Membrane/Envelope:

• The nuclear envelope is a casing around the nucleus. It contains nuclear pores and lets mRNA in and out for protein synthesis.
• The membrane is sort of like a skull to a body or a fence with many little gates.

Nucleus:

• The nucleus is just like the brain of the cell. It controls all of the cell functions and gene switches.
• The DNA of the being resides in the nucleus, and is actually only able to be seen with the human eye through a microscope during mitosis.

Similarities between all three cells

Golgi Complex:

• a branching system of membranes helping to distribute molecules created right inside the cell.
• The golgi complex could be related to as the postal office in a city, and all sorts of packages come in and out with all certain functions.

• Each have a cell membrane
• All three have ribosomes and DNA
• Each had, in some form, short flagella, or cili or pili
• Each has some sort of reproductive source or process.

Leucoplasts:

• They are colorless starches most commonly found in potatoes. These are found in the cytoskeleton of the cell, and then determine the cell's color.
• So, leucoplasts are just like food dye.

Cilia:

• Cilia are tiny hairy filaments that help the cell to move. Appearing on moss plant cells and some animal cells, cilia also help objects around the membrane to be able to be absorbed into the cell's membrane.
• The cilia resembles tentacles on an octopus.

Similarities between Plant and Bacteria cells

Similarities between animal and bacteria cells

Sources:

Pictures:

Bacteria cell:

• Cell membrane
• Ribosomes
• DNA
• Cytoplasm
• Microfilaments and microtubules
• Sometimes flagella

• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Ribosomes
• DNA
• Cytoplasm
• Microfilaments and microtubules

Plant cell:

http://adapaonline.org/images/biobook_images/Plant_cell_structure_edited.jpg

Plant cell. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web.

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html

Davidson, Michael W. "Molecular Expressions Cell Biology: The Cell Nucleus." Molecular Expressions Cell Biology: The Cell Nucleus. Florids State University, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014.

http://b.vimeocdn.com/ts/100/575/100575748_640.jpg

Bacteria cell. Digital image. Vimeocdn. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. <http://b.vimeocdn.com/ts/100/575/100575748_640.jpg>.

Differences

Animal cell:

Differences

http://mrcrokky.com/tag/plant-cell-coloring-answer-key

"Crokky Coloring Pages." Crokky Coloring Pages. Word Press, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2014.

Cell definitions adapted from class notes, previous knowledge, and:

• Bacteria have pilius instead of (sometimes) cilium(in mosses)
• Bacteria don't have a nucleus
• Bacteria don't have organelles

• Bacteria have pilius instead of cilium
• Bacteria don't have a nucleus
• Bacteria don't have organelles

http://www.biologycorner.com/APbiology/cellular/notes_cells2.html

"The Parts of the Cell." The Nucleus of the Cell and Related Organelles. Boilogycorner.com, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. <http://www.biologycorner.com/APbiology/cellular/notes_cells2.html>.

http://quizlet.com/23753375/cellular-organelles-flash-cards/

Carlysmithh. "Cellular Organelles." Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. <http://quizlet.com/23753375/cellular-organelles-flash-cards/>.

http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/notes_cell.html

"The Cell Overview." The Cell. Biologycorner.com, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. <http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/notes_cell.html>.

Bacteria cell

http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/cell/chap3_notes.html

"Chapter 3 - Cells." Chapter 3 Notes. Biologycorner.com, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. <http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/cell/chap3_notes.html>.

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Microfilament

"Microfilament." - Definition from Biology-Online.org. Biology-online.com, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. <http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Microfilament>.

Microtubule

Microfilament

• The microtubule is a set of string-like strands placed around the cell, holding it all in place. (they are in all cells)
• If the organelles of a cell were a puppet, then the microtubules would be the marionette strings.

• the cytoplasm is the space where any type of cell's organelles andinternal pieces reside.
• The cytoplasm is just like the air we breathe: taking up space and allowing things to pass through it.

• The microfilament give support to the cell in the cytoskeleton in all cells.
• An analogy for microfilament is support beams in a large building or factory.

(Nucleoid)

• This is a mass of DNA in the middle of the bacteria cell that holds the genetic material.
• The analogy for this is a brain. The brain contains all the knowledge of the person, and it is a giant clump of noodl-ey substance.

Cytoskeleton

Plasmid

• The cytoskeleton is thebackbome of all types of cells, and is made up of microtubules and microfilaments.
• The cytoskeleton could be symbolic of the skeleton, hence the name, cytoSKELETON.

• a circular ring made of a cell's DNA so that the prokaryotic cell can reproduce.
• an analogy for the plasmid could be a cloning machine.

• The ribosomes float throughout the cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell, but creates amino acids and proteins just like in both the plant and animal cells.
• The ribosomes reflect construction workers.

• The pilus are tiny hairs on the outsisde of a prokaryotic cell for latching to other cells, much like during reproduction.
• The pili are quite like velcro, hooking onto other cells.

Capsule

• It is the outermost layer of a cell that repels unwanted bacteria and protects the needed ones.
• I think of the capsule like bodyguards; they keep what they need safe and repel those who threaten the host.

Cell Wall

Endospore

• cell walls appear in not only plant cells, but also bacteria cells. It keeps a firm shape to the bacteria cell.
• Cell walls are similar to a sturdy boundary around a farm, like the Maze runner

• An endospore is a resistant spore to environment technicalities that a bacteria cell may not be able to adapt to.
• This spore is just like a winter coat when you are too cold or a cold towel during the summer when it's super hot out.

Plasma Membrane

Cell Membrane

• a double layer of phospholipids and proteins that divide the inside and outside of the cell, helping to choose what goes in and out of the cell.
• an analogy for the membrane is an agrucultural border check for a boundary.

• The boundary around a cell and allows food and nutrients to flow in and out.
• This is just like the nuclear membrane, where it lets particles in and out.
• Therefore, the cell membrane is an analogy to a gate around a city.

• The flagellum is the long, tail-like structure that aids the movement of any prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. The flagellum is most prominent on prokaryotic cells, though.