Introduzione 

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Trascrizione

Like many others in the Cherokee elite, Watie was a slaveholder with substantial property, and shared some values with Southern plantation owners. Other Cherokees were sympathetic to the Union side, including the traditionalist members of the secret Keetoowah Society. Watie thought the Cherokees would do best to ally with the Confederacy, while Ross believed that neutrality was the way to keep his nation together.

For the duration of the war, a series of small battles were waged by Cherokee in the Indian Territory. Stand Watie officially became the last Confederate general to end fighting on June 25, 1865 at Fort Towson, in the southeast portion of the Indian Territory. The terms of the armistice allowed Watie and his command, the First Indian Brigade of the Army of the Trans-Mississippi, to demobilize rather than surrender and go home with their arms.

Cherokee's Role in the Civil War

The eastern Cherokee faced a severe smallpox outbreak following the war. Many of them were deeply in debt, to the point that the federal government recognized the eastern tribe as separate from the western tribe, and filed a lawsuit against the Cherokee's creditors, in effect leaving the protection of the Cherokee to the federal government.

Chief of the Cherokee John Ross was adamant that the Union was not dissolved. However, another leader of the Cherokee, Stand Watie, was eager to join the Confederate cause, and on June 1, 1861, began recruiting for an army to assist the Southern cause. Full-blooded Cherokee tended to support Ross (who was actually 7/8 Scottish) while the mixed-blooded Cherokee supported the 3/4 Cherokee Stand Watie. Stand Watie in 1862 was elected Chief of the Southern Cherokee Nation.

In the west, the Cherokee blamed the federal government and former United States President Andrew Jackson for the Trail of Tears. Also, they had adopted Southern ways before their removal from their Appalachia home, including the practice of owning blacks as slaves. So, the western Cherokee were already sympathetic towards the South when in 1860 William Seward, campaigning on behalf of Abraham Lincoln, said that Lincoln would open the Indian Territory for white settlement.

Cherokee

The Cherokee Nation, while not a state, was most certainly involved in the War Between the States as a "foreign ally". While some Cherokee troops were aligned with the Union, others aligned themselves with the Confederacy. The result was a war between factions within the Cherokee Nation.

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