The Cold War

Apartheid

Government sponsored

nonwhite South Africans (majority)

-forced to live in separate areas

from whites

Had to use separate public facilities

Contact between the two groups

would be limited.

Apartheid Africa

Introduction to "Mandela"

5/23/2016

Do now: Who is this man. Write down everything you think you know about him.

YOU HAVE HOMEWORK!

Beginnings...

Resistance to Apartheid

South African war

Great Britain v. Africans

Causes are still unknown= control of the gold mine???

British victory...

non-violent demonstrations

protests and strikes

political action

eventually to armed resistance.

Nelson Mandela is arrested

The Cold War Begins

The Cold War Begins cont...

Objectives

5/19/2016

Civil War in China

two Chinese governments

The Nationalist government

Communists

Do Now:

If Russia and the USA each had snapchat, How might they be able to see what the other is doing without snapchat informing them that their story was watched?

Mao Zedong

strong base in northern China

Chiang Kai-shek

southern and central China

supported by the United States

Tactics of a "War" of Competition

REMEMBER: The cold war was basically a war in which the US and Russia were in competition for the reputation as world leader

Your task:

Competition with:

Sports/Olympics

Nuclear weapons

Weapon build up

Technology

Government/politics

Space exploration

You ARE a soviet spy!!!!

By the end of World War II, 20 to 30 million Chinese were living under Communist rule.

How do we know the progress of other nations without allowing them to know that we are looking????

Agenda

1. Cold War spies

2.Activity

Espionage (Spying) during the Cold War

The Great Leap Forward

Both sides in the Cold War used spies as a way of acquiring knowledge of what the other was doing or to spread false knowledge of what one side was doing.

Life in communist China:

highly dangerous job

prison or execution were usual punishments for being caught

Virtually all private farmland was collectivized

Peasant families were allowed to keep small plots for their private use, but they worked chiefly in large collective farms.

In addition, most industry and commerce was nationalized.

barely any chance of being rescued if caught

Ability to seamlessly blend into the background was vital

Population is on the rise and food production is not growing!

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (Americans)

In 1958 Mao began a more radical program known as the Great Leap Forward.

Accused of heading a spy ring that passed top-secret information concerning the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union

Communes: more than 30,000 people who lived and worked together.

Communal child care

Rodolf Abel (Soviet)

The failure of the Great Leap Forward:

An investigation which had started with a newsboy’s hollow nickel ultimately resulted in the smashing of a Soviet spy ring. On February 10, 1962, Rudolf Invanovich Abel was exchanged for the American U-2 pilot, Francis Gary Powers, who was a prisoner of the Soviet Union.

Bad weather: droughts and floods, and the peasants' hatred of the new system, drove food production down.

As a result, nearly 15 million people died of starvation. Many peasants were reportedly reduced to eating the bark off trees and, in some cases, to allowing infants to starve.

You have HOMEWORK! (Duck and Cover)

The Basics:

1947-1991

Russia, US, China, Korea

5/20/2016

Happy Friday!

Do Now:

What causes countries to become divided?

Agenda

1. Notes

2. Documentary

YOU HAVE HOMEWORK

5/17/2016

Do Now: What was decided at the Yalta conference?

Agenda:

1. Do now

2. Begin notes

The Korean War

Japan controlled Korea until 1945. In August 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States agreed to divide Korea into two zones at the 38th parallel.

Stalin supports North Korean invasion into south

Truman- Proof of communist expansion

Sends troops

UN forces—mostly American—marched across the 38th parallel with the aim of unifying Korea.

The Division of Germany and the Berlin Airlift

Alarmed, the Chinese sent hundreds of thousands of troops into North Korea and pushed UN forces back across the 38th parallel.

Remember that Germany looks like this

Talk between Great Britain, US, and France resulted in a want to merge their zones and create a democratic government so that Germany will look like this...

The soviets were NOT happy:

Three more years of fighting led to no final victory. An armistice was finally signed in 1953. The 38th parallel remained, and remains today

Blockade of West Berlin

trucks, nor trains, nor barges

can enter the city’s zones.

Food and supplies could no

longer get through to the

people in these zones.

How did the Berlin Airlift Effect US-Soviet Relations ?

Separation of Germany into two states

Berlin Airlift—supplies would be flown in by American and British airplanes. For more than 10 months, more than 200,000 flights carried 2.3 million tons of supplies.

The blockade of Berlin increased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.

The East German state, the German Democratic Republic, was set up by the Soviets. East Berlin became its capital.

The Soviets, also not wanting war, finally gave in and lifted the blockade in May 1949.

The Vietnam War

France refused to let go of Indochina. This led to a long war in Vietnam.

Communist Party leader: Ho Chi Minh- seized power throughout most of Vietnam.

He beleived that vietnam should be independent

Berlin was now divided into two parts, a reminder of the division between West and East.

In September 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany, was formally created. Its capital was Bonn.

USA: Didnt want France to control Vietnam but also didnt want Vietnam to become communist

Support as a result of : Cinese civil war and Korean war

Massacre at My Lai

200 unarmed civillians; old men, women, children

Fidel Castro

John F. Kennedy

The Cuban Missile Crisis

The Spread of the Cold War

The search for security during the Cold War led to the formation of new military alliances.

JFK's Plan

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): April 1949 when Belgium, Luxembourg, France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, and Iceland signed a treaty with the United States and Canada.

Exiled Cuban fighters would invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs.

The purpose of the invasion was to cause a revolt against Castro.

Nixon administration reach a peace agreement on January 27, 1973

Sunday, April 16, 1961- disaster!

Wednesday, the exiled fighters began surrendering

Soviet response- Warsaw Pact

1962 Khrushchev- nuclear missiles in Cuba USA:nuclear weapons in Turkey

Mid 1950's: Us and soviets compete in a arms race-building up armies and stores of weapons to keep up with an enemy

Khrushchev :"Your rockets are stationed in Turkey. You are worried over Cuba . . . because it lies at a distance of 90 miles across the sea from the shores of the United States. However, Turkey lies next to us."

A Wall in Berlin

Nikita Khrushchev- New Leader of Russia

October 1962, Kennedy found out that Soviet ships carrying missiles were heading to Cuba. He decided to blockade Cuba to prevent the fleet from reaching its destination.

Deterrence-U.S. and Soviet policies of holding huge arsenals of nuclear weapons to prevent war; each nation believed that neither would launch a nuclear attack since both knew that the other

side could strike back with devastating power

How did east and west Berlin differ?

Gave time to find a peaceful solution

Khrushchev agreed to turn back the fleet and remove Soviet missiles from Cuba if Kennedy pledged not to invade Cuba.

Sputnik I- (Russia) first human-made space satellite, orbited Earth

West Berlin

East Berlin

Many East Germans managed to escape East Germany by fleeing through West Berlin.

Khrushchev wanted to stop this

The Berlin Wall

In August 1961, the East German government began to build a wall separating West Berlin from East Berlin.

The Cold War

A World History Perspective