ERNEST HEMINGWAY

WORLD WAR II

Then he met Mary Welsh, and fell in love again.

During his final years, Hemingway's behavior had been similar to his father's before he committed suicide; his father may have had the genetic disease hemochromatosis, in which the inability to metabolize iron culminates in mental and physical deterioration.

Hemingway and Mary openly conducted their relationship in London and then in France after the allied invasion at Normandy and the subsequent liberation of Paris. For all intents and purposes Hemingway's third marriage was over and his fourth and final marriage to Mary had begun.

In 1944 Hemingway decided to go to Europe to report the war as a journalist, heading first to London where he wrote articles about the war's effects on England.

He was injured in a car crash, suffering a serious concussion and a gash to his head which required over 50 stitches. Martha visited him in the hospital and minimized his injuries, castigating him for being drunk. Hemingway and Martha divorced in the same year that they met.

Medical records made available in 1991 confirm that Hemingway had also been diagnosed with hemochromatosis in early 1961. Both his sister Ursula, and his brother Leicester also committed suicide.

Through the end of the 1950s, Hemingway continued to rework the material that would be published as A Moveable Feast.

In the summer of 1959, he visited Spain to research a series of bullfighting articles commissioned by Life magazine, returning to Cuba in January 1960 to work on the manuscript. Life wanted only 10,000 words. For the first time in his life, he was unable to organize his writing. Hotchner found Hemingway to be "unusually hesitant, disorganized, and confused",and suffering badly from failing eyesight.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 was awarded to Ernest Hemingway "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style".

ERNEST HEMINGWAY

On July 25, 1960, Hemingway and Mary left Cuba. Hemingway then traveled alone to Spain to be photographed for the front cover for the Life magazine piece. A few days later, he was reported in the news to be seriously ill and on the verge of dying. He was lonely and took to his bed for days, retreating into silence, despite having had the first installments of The Dangerous Summer published in September 1960 to good reviews.

In October, he left Spain for New York, where he refused to leave Mary's apartment on the pretext that he was being watched. She quickly took him to Idaho, where George Saviers (a Sun Valley physician) met them at the train.

KEY WEST AND THE CARIBBEAN

Three months after Hemingway was released from Mayo Clinic, in April 1961, one morning in the kitchen Mary "found Hemingway holding a shotgun". Two days later, in the early morning hours of July 2, 1961, Hemingway "quite deliberately" shot himself with his favorite shotgun. He had unlocked the basement storeroom where his guns were kept.

Hemingway wrote To Have and Have Not in House in Key West, Florida.

In the late spring, Hemingway and Pauline traveled to Kansas City, where their son Patrick was born on June 28, 1928.

After Patrick's birth, Pauline and Hemingway traveled to Wyoming, Massachusetts, and New York. In the winter, he was in New York with Bumby, about to board a train to Florida, when he received a cable telling him that his father had committed suicide. Hemingway was devastated, having earlier written his father telling him not to worry about financial difficulties; the letter arrived minutes after the suicide. Hemingway commented, "I'll probably go the same way."

TORONTO AND CHICAGO

In September, he took fishing and camping trip with high school friends to the back-country of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.

The trip became the inspiration for his short story "Big Two-Hearted River", in which the semi-autobiographical character Nick Adams takes to the country to find solitude after returning from war.

1899-1961

In November 1930, Hemingway broke his arm in a car accident.

He was hospitalized for seven weeks, with Pauline tending to him; the nerves in his writing hand took as long as a year to heal, during which time he suffered intense pain.

His third son, Gregory Hancock Hemingway, was born a year later on November 12, 1931, in Kansas City.

In 1933, Hemingway and Pauline went on safari to East Africa. The 10-week trip provided material for Green Hills of Africa, as well as for the short stories "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" and "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber".

On Hemingway's return to Key West in early 1934, he began work on Green Hills of Africa, which he published in 1935 to mixed reviews.

SPANISH CIVIL WAR

Novelist

Hemingway agreed to report on the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance, arriving in Spain in March with Dutch filmmaker Joris Ivens.

Journalist and writer Martha Gellhorn, whom Hemingway had met in Key West and joined him in Spain. Late in 1937, Hemingway wrote his only play, The Fifth Column, as the city was being bombarded. He returned to Key West for a few months, then back to Spain twice in 1938, where he was present at the Battle of the Ebro, the last republican stand, and he was among the British and American journalists who were some of the last to leave the battle as they crossed the river.

Early life:

Writer

A Farewell To Arms

1913 until 1917

Hemingway attended Oak Park and River Forest High School where he took part in a number of sports, namely boxing, track and field, water polo, and football. He excelled in English classes and performed in the school orchestra with his sister Marcelline for two years.

Journalist

WORLD WAR I

While recuperating, he fell in love, with Agnes von Kurowsky, a Red Cross nurse seven years his senior. They had decided to marry within a few months in America. However, in March, she wrote that she had become engaged to an Italian officer. Biographer Jeffrey Meyers states in his book Hemingway:A Biography that Hemingway was devastated by Agnes' rejection, and in future relationships, he followed a pattern of abandoning a wife before she abandoned him.

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Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954

Seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works

Classics of American literature.

In his junior year, he took a journalism class, taught by Fannie Biggs.

After that, he published a novel by the Italian campaign him During World War I.

He tell us this part of his story in his book ''FAREWELL TO ARMS'' which was published in 1929. The tittle is taken from a poem by 16th-century dramatist George Peele.

A Farewell to Arms is a love affair about the American expatriate Henry and Catherine Barkley during the First World War.

Early in 1918, Hemingway signed on to become an ambulance driver in Italy. He left New York in May and arrived in Paris, in that moment the city was under bombardment from German artillery. By June, he was at the Italian Front. On his first day in Milan, he was sent to the scene of a munitions factory explosion, where rescuers retrieved the shredded remains of female workers.

Hemingway was a journalist before becoming a novelist; after leaving high school he went to work for The Kansas City Star as a cub reporter.

1921

1927

He married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives. The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent. He published his first novel, The Sun Also Rises, in 1926.

He divorce from Hadley Richardson, and then he married Pauline Pfeiffer; they divorced after he returned from the Spanish Civil War where he had been a journalist, and after which he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940).

Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940; they separated when he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II. He was present at the Normandy landings and the liberation of Paris.

On July 8, he was seriously wounded by mortar fire, having just returned from the canteen bringing chocolate and cigarettes for the men at the front line.

Despite his wounds, Hemingway assisted Italian soldiers to safety, for which he received the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery.

He sustained severe shrapnel wounds to both legs, underwent an immediate operation at a distribution center, and spent five days at a field hospital before he was transferred for recuperation to the Red Cross hospital in Milan.

He spent six months at the hospital, where he met and formed a strong friendship with "Chink" Dorman-Smith that lasted for decades and shared a room with future American Foreign Service officer, ambassador, and author Henry Serrano Villard.

Hemingway maintained residences in Key West, Florida (1930s) and Cuba (1940s and 1950s).

In 1959, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, where he committed suicide in the summer of 1961.

Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952, Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left him in pain or ill health for much of his remaining life.