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Eruption of Krakatoa: 1883
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To compare, the bomb that devastated Hiroshima had a force of 20 kilotons. The Mount St. Helens explosion of 1980 had a VEI of 5
- After the volcano collapsed, it triggered a tsunami about 120m tall
- Atmosphere was darkened up to 275 miles (442 km) from the volcano
- Global temperatures dropped by 1.2°C for the next five years
- Ash fell on Singapore
- colourful sunsets experienced globally
- More than 36,000 fatalities
- 165 villages were destroyed
- 132 villages damaged
Eruption of 1883: Krakatoa
When and Where
- Initial blast took place on August 26, 1883 at 12:53 p.m.
- The island of Krakatau (Krakatoa) is in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra and is part of the Indonesian Island Arc
The Eruption
- Volcanic activity is due to subduction of the Indo-Australian tectonic plate as it moves northward towards mainland Asia
- After the initial eruption, 4 major eruptions occurred that sank the two neighboring volcanoes, Perboewatan and Danan into the caldera below the sea
The explosion was heard as far away as Perth, Australia, about 2,800 miles (4,500 km)
Phreatomagmatic Event
- The initial explosion fractured the magma chamber and let sea water collide with the hot lava
- The result is known as a phreatomagmatic event
- this created steam that carried pyroclastic flows up into the air about 25 miles (40 km) at speeds in excess of 62 mph (100 kph)
Volcanic Explosion Index
- The eruption was assigned a rating of 6 on the Volcanic Explosion Index and had an explosive force of an estimated 200 megatons of TNT
Aftermath
These paintings created by Painter William Ascroft from the banks of the Thames in the winter of 1883.
Birth of Anak Krakatoa
- In 1927, steam and debris was coming out from the collapsed caldera
- In weeks, the rim of a new cone appeared above sea level that grew into a small island
- This island was named "Anak Krakatoa", Child of Krakatoa
Video Clip
Bibliography
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Eruption." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 26 Mar. 2013. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://www.livescience.com/28186-krakatoa.html>
"Describe the 1883 eruption of Krakatau. | Volcano
World." Describe the 1883 eruption of Krakatau. | Volcano World. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/describe-1883-eruption-krakatau>
"Krakatau | Volcano World." Krakatau | Volcano World.
N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/krakatau>
"Scholastic.com | Online Activities: Weather Watch."
Scholastic.com | Online Activities: Weather Watch. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/wwatch/volcanoes/witnesses.htm
"The Krakatoa Sunsets." The Public Domain Review. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://publicdomainreview.org/2012/05/28/the-krakatoa-sunsets/>.
"Volcanic Explosivity Index." Wikipedia. Wikimedia
Foundation, 18 Apr. 2014. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_Explosivity_Index>