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Medical Model versus Social Model
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Medical Model versus Social Model
By: Olivia, Matthew, Jordan, Angeline, Carleigh, Paige
Conclusions
- Shift to social model but society needs to continue to evolve
Criticisms of the Social Model
- Focuses solely on environmental (physical) and social barriers
- May not account for less visible impairments
- Slow moving with less emphasis on education (eradicating stigma)
The Social Model
Origins of the
Social Model
- Began during the 1970s as a grassroots response to limitations and oppression set by society
The Social
Model
- Focuses on the role society plays in developing environments that create disabilities for people with impairments
- Views a difference between impairment (characteristic) and disability (restrictions caused by society)
- Recognizes importance of eliminating barriers to equal participation.
Role of Social Work
- Advocacy and empowerment
- Organizational outreach
- Consultations for more inclusive policies, programs and practices
- Community development
- Education for individuals and families
Criticisms of the
Medical Model
The Medical Model
Questions?
- Isolates the individual from society
- Creates the feeling of being a burden
- Defines the individual by their disability
- Stigmatization
- Eliminates people's agency
A New Perspective...
Origins of the Medical Model
- Became popular in the 19th century
- Important scientific advancements led to confidence in medical approaches
- Western reliance on diagnoses and treatment has caused this view to persist in today's society
Current Perceptions
- A slow shift toward the social model, with lingering effects from the medical model
The Medical
Model
- Impairment is the responsibility of the individual
- Assumes disability reduces the individual's quality of life due to lack of a "normal" body
- Goal of treatment is for individual to adapt to the mainstream
- Difference as deficit
References
What's the Difference?
Albert, Bill. "Social Model of Disability - History." National Black Disability Coalition. Accessed July 25 2016.
Beckett, Chris and Hilary Taylor. Human Growth and Development (Second Edition). London: Sage Publications, 2010.
Chappell, Rosalie. Social Welfare in Canadian Society. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2014.
Gill, Carol. "Models of Disability".Chicago Institute of Disability Research.
Grenier, Michelle. "Inclusion in Physical Education: From the Medical Model to Social Constructionism." Quest 59:3 (2012).
Kitching, Heather. "Not enough space for wheelchairs on buses, people with disabilities say." CBC News. Accessed July 25 2016.
Lintner, Timothy and Darren W. Minarik. "Disability History: Humanity Worth Defending." Ohio Social Studies Review 50:2 (Fall 2013).
Introduction to Disability
- Complex, multidimensional issue
- Lack of clear definition
- Different interdisciplinary approaches
Spot the
Barriers
What We Will Look At:
- Medical Model
- Social Model
- Comparisons
- Activity
- Current Perceptions
- The Role of Social Work
- Conclusion