Personal Counselling Approach Mind Map

Adlerian Therapy

Alfred Adler

My Connections

How I might use this therapy...

Holistic approach based on mutual respect and emphasizes counsellor/client relationship.

Encouragement is stressed as a powerful tool to help change client's views and goals.

Help client realize the equality within our society and world and identify their mistaken beliefs.

Puts a lot of emphasis on the client/counselor relationship.

Also discusses the importance of making our own choices and life and how perspective surrounding these choices is vital.

I would actually say that I use this therapy quite often in my day to day work. I am a strong believer in the importance of relationships and how they can impact your work with a client. I also like the fact that it is important to point out choice to a client and how they interpret not only the choice, but also the results of it. While family and history do play a part in the creation of the person, I like to think that we are able to make great strides in realizing how we impact ourselves everyday with the decisions we make.

Reality Therapy

William Glasser

`WDEP`System

Reality Therapy Characteristics

Wants: helps clients discover their wants (What would you be doing if you were living as you want?)

Direction and Doing: discuss early on the direction of their lives, where they are going and where their behaviour is taking them.

Evaluation: Asking client if their present behaviour is getting them what they want now and taking them in a direction they want to go (Is what you are doing now what you want to be doing?)

Planning and Action: once clients determine they want to change, they are typically ready to explore other behaviours and make an action plan.

Counsellors don`t listen to complaining, blaming or criticizing as they are ineffective behaviours. They also strive to be themselves in therapy.

Emphasize choice and responsibility.

We are products of our past but not victims of that past, keep it in the present.

Don`t focus on symptoms.

Procedures leading to change

Person-Centred Therapy

Based on the assumption that clients want to change, they need to address the following to make that change happen:

1. Be convinced that their current behaviour is not getting them what they want.

2. Believe that they can choose other behaviours that will allow them to get what they want.

Emphasize client to focus on what they can control!

Carl Rogers

How I might use this therapy

Core Qualities of Counsellor

Therapeutic Process

Above all, the attitude of the counsellor facilitates change in the client. Counsellor function is to be present and accesible by being congruent, accepting and empathic.

Person Centred Therapy allows the client to be the biggest influence in their growth. The role of the therapist is to help develop the trust and model important qualities that will be necessary for the client to adopt in order to grow. Although this is a difficult piece, if you are a genuine person you don't need to rely on various techniques for important growth and change to occur.

Congruence: genuine, integrated and authentic during therapy.

Unconditional Positive Regard: caring is non-possessive and not contaminated by evaluation or judgement.

Accurate Empathic Understanding: the counsellor will sense the client's feelings without becoming lost in them or feeling sorry.

References

Corey, G. (2009). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.

My Personal Approach to Counselling - 2013

Behaviour Therapy

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Chad Grimm

Albert Ellis Aaron Beck

Albert Bandura

B.F. Skinner

High connection

Medium connection

How I might use this therapy

A-B-C Framework

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)

Self-Modification

Key Concepts

Low connection

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As stated by Epictetus, "People are disturbed not by events, but by the views which they take of them" (p.276).

Throught therapy, clients learn the skills to identify and dispute irrational beliefs so they ultimately change their emotional reactions to situations.

The focus is on the thinking and acting more so than the feeling and is an overall process of educating the client.

A (activating event) does not cause C (emotional and behavioural consequence. Instead B (our beliefs surrounding A) cause C.

In the updated version, D (disputing) includes methods of challenging irrational beliefs which are detecting, debating and discriminating. This will lead to E (effective philosophy) which in the end will lead to F (new feelings).

Help client to change behaviour via:

Self Observation: clients learn how to observe their own behaviour.

Internal Dialogue: clients begin to notice their poor behaviour and start a new internal dialogue to help guide a new behaviour.

New Skills: clients learn more effective coping skills and then practice them in real life scenarios.

Help client to the realization that it is not the events in our lives that determine our behaviour, but how we interpret these events that is key.

A trend towards counsellors sharing their knowledge in order for clients to take ownership over their treatment program:

1. Selecting goals: one at a time an measurable.

2. Translating goals: identify behaviours targeted for change.

3. Self-monitoring: observe and keep a journal of your own behaviours.

4. Work out a plan for change: Self-reinforcement system is necessary to bring about change.

5. Evaluate action plan: is it working? Revise the plan as necessary to meet goals.

Characteristics of Behaviour Therapy:

1. Deals with client's current problems.

2. Clients have an active role.

3. Changes in behaviour can occur prior to knowing oneself, but knowing you have a problem and knowing how to change it are different things.

4. Focus on assessing the behaviour, identifying the problem and evaluating change.

5. Techniques are individually tailored to the individual and can be wide ranging.

Feminist Therapy

Family Systems Therapy

Development of Family Systems Therapy

Jean Baker Miller

Carolyn Zerbe Enns

Olivia M. Espin

Laura S. Brown

Adler noticed the influence of birth order on a family system. He also noted that all behaviour was purposeful and children often acted out in order to belong, even when these patterns were not useful.

An assumption of family therapy s that parents and children often become caught up in repetitive, negative interactions based on mistaken goals.

Alfred Adler

Murray Bowen

Virginia Satir

Carl Whitaker

Salvador Minuchin

Jay Haley

Cloe Madanes

Feminist Therapy Overview

The Therapeutic Process

Goals: empowerment, valuing and affirming diversity, striving for change, equality, balancing independence and interdependence, social change, and self-nurturance.

Committed to understanding oppression in all of the different forms such as sexism, racism and heterosexism.

Clients are active participants in an egalitarian relationship with the counsellor.

Regards social, cultural, and political context as central contributors to a person's problems.

Emphasizes that societal gender-role expectations influence a person's identity from birth and that gender is a key organizing principle (engendered lives).

Uncritical acceptance of traditional roles can greatly restrict freedom.

Postmodern Approaches

Insoo Kim Berg

Steve De Shazer

Michael White

David Epston

Gestalt Therapy

Narrative Therapy

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy

"Fritz" Perls Laura Perls

Collaborative approach in which counsellors listen to client's stories. Find a time in which the client was resourceful, facilitate their exploration, assist in mapping the extent the problem has had on their lives, separating the client from the main story of their lives that has been damaging and internalized in order to help create a new story.

Stories shape reality in that they constitute what we see, feel and do.

Counsellors will encourage clients to not be so absolute in their stories and see both the good and bad in their stories and enable clients to modify their beliefs.

SFBT shifts the focus from problem solving to a complete focus on solutions.

Differs from traditional therapies by not focusing on the past and instead look at the present and future.

Clients choose the goals they want to accomplish without much attention placed on diagnosis, history, or looking at the problem itself. Emphasis is on what is working in the clients life and not problems.

Things I will/have tried:

Things I Like...

It is stated that, "authentic change occurs more from being who we are than from trying to be who we are not" (p.201).

Internal Dialogue: to bring about the conflict between the two opposing poles of one's personality (empty chair technique)

Making the Rounds: each person in a group must speak to or do something with all other group members (confront, risk, disclose).

Reversal Exercise: allow the client to take a plunge into the thing that scares them the most to make contact with those submerged pieces of themselves.

Rehearsal Exercise: client rehearses a situation out loud to increase awareness.

Methodological components:

1. Continuum of experience.

2. The here and now.

3. Paradoxical theory of change.

4. The experiment.

5. Authentic encounter.

6. Process-oriented.

While noting both body and verbal language, the therapist aims to create a climate in which the client is willing to try new ways of behaving and ultimately new ways of being.

Existential Therapy

Victor Frankl Rollo May

Therapeutic Process

How I might use this therapy

Key Concepts

This therapy pushes people to look at all of their options in a particular situation and choose between them.

Brings the client back as the central focus.

Concentrates on the existence of the client and the very base of our being, self consciousness.

"The aim of existential work is to assist people in developing their talents in their own personal way, helping them in being true to what they value."(p.157)

I would use this therapy to help my client become more aware of the things that are important to them. What are their goals? Are there alternative ways of approaching life challenges that might be more effective? How do they view their lives currently and how can this be altered? I believe this therapy is very wide ranging and takes a great deal of experience but can be very effective.

Help guide clients towards a sense of authenticity and learn to recognize when they are not being authentic to themselves.

Invite clients to accept personal responsibility for their lives.

Push clients away from restricted existence in which they are vague about their struggles and issues.