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Germany's instability after WW1
Growing appeal of fascism
The rise of Mussolini
Rise of Hitler
Victory in Europe
1. Allies launched Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa in
November 1942
i. by May 1943 Axis is pushed out of N. Africa
2. The Russians begin to push the Germans back at the Battle of
Stalingrad in Aug - Nov 1942
As the Germans are retreating on all fronts, the Allies invaded Italy in
the autumn of 1943 and captured Rome by June 1944
Promised to solve economic problems
Weimar gov't moving too slowly & ineffectively
. US uses the Atomic bomb on Japan on 6 & 9 August 1945
i. Japanese did not surrender after first bomb on Hiroshima
ii. US dropped second bomb on Nagasaki
4. Japan agrees to surrender on 15 August 1945
i. Japan officially surrenders to the US on 2 September 1945
ii. WWII is Over!!
Munich Conference held
September 1938
League of Nations
Failure
Battle of Britain
League of Nations failed because there
was no enforcement of the treaty.
Hitler takes remainder of Czechoslovakia in March 1939
2. Promised to tear up Treaty of
Versailles
a. would rearm Germany
b. would unite with Austria
c. would reoccupy the Rhineland
The Battle of Britain was an important battle in World War II. After Germany and Hitler had conquered most of Europe, including France, the only major country left to fight them was Great Britain
Japan invades all of China (1937)
Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Hyper-Inflations due to reprarations payments
Rising unemployment
Middle Class was wiped out financially
Economic problems blamed on the already unpopular Weimar gonv't
Great depression caused banks to fail & economy to worsen
Pearl Harbor
Brought into government legally by the King. Thought Mussolini could be controlled.
Italy attempts to recreate the Roman Empire
Many Italians feared the idea of communist revolution, which would destroy religion & government.
Pearl Harbor was originally an extensive deep embayment called Wai Nomi (meaning, “pearl water”) or Puʻuloa (meaning, “long hill”) by the
Fascism
3. Promised to obtain Lebensraum
(living space) for Germany
a. would attack Poland and Russia for this space
b. Germany needed this space or it would die
. US begins Island Hopping Campaign
a. begun after Midway
b. designed to go around major Japanese positions and to cut the
Japanese supply lines
i. the idea was to avoid large battles if possible and focus
on the island closer to Japan
ii. islands could be used to launch bombers from
Germany begins to rebuild its military in violation of the Treaty of Versailles
The US & Allies turn the tide of war
a. US bombed Tokyo in April 1942
i. bombs did little damage
ii. was a great psychological victory for US
Victory in the Pacific
1. Island hopping campaign pushing Japan back
i. Japanese navy destroyed at Battle of Leyte Gulf in the
Philippines in 1944
ii. Japanese forced to use Kamikaze (suicide pilots)
Japan's attempted invasion of Australia stopped by US aircraft
carriers at the Battle of Coal Sea in May 1942
iii. Japanese stopped for the first time
2. As US got closer to Japan, fighting became more bitter
i. Iwo Jima (Feb - Mar 1945)
ii. Okinawa (Apr - June 1945) Japan lost 110,000 men, US 12,500
Growing communist movement & threat of communist revolution
Growing popularity of Nazi movement
There was no middle ground politically, Just the 2 extremes, The nazis and the communists.
The Battle of Midway (June 1942)
i. US had cracked secret Japanese code & knew that the
Japanese would attack Midway
ii. US forces waited for attack on the island to begin
iii. US attacked Japanese ships while their planes were
away and scored huge victory over a much larger force
iv. Midway is the turning point of the Pacific War
EVENTS LEADING TO WAR
US Isolationaism
Asia
&
Europe
(responsible for the start of WWII)
Germany & Soviet Union sign non-aggression pact in August '39
During the 1930s, the combination of the Great Depression and the memory of tragic losses in World War I contributed to pushing American public opinion and policy toward isolationism.
Holocaust
The murder of millions of Jewish people and non arien races.
1. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941)
a. in response to US decision to cut off oil and scrap iron
shipments to Japan
b. goal of Japanese was to destroy US Pacific Fleet which
included the aircraft carriers
c. US declares war on Japan and Germany
Promised to punish those responsible for current political and economic troubles (jews and communits were targets)
Germany, Italy and Spain lacked democratic traditions and fascism made sense to them. Promised to recapture past glory ( a Third Reich in Germany, New Roman Empire in Italy, and a strong, powerful Spain that wiould again be a world leader. Promised quick action to solve the natio9n's problems (democrocy was just too slow & ineffective.
Collective Farming
Final Solution
Japan invades Manchuria 1931
German Appeasement
plan to annihilate the Jewish people
Militarists gain control of Japan
Cold War
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of agricultural production in which the holdings of several farmers are run as a joint enterprise.
On 6 June 1944 the Allies launched the invasion of Europe, code-
named Operation Overlord
i. invasion is known also as D-Day
ii. invasion is a success
iii. it is the beginning of the end for the Germans
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain believed that by agreeing to some of the demands being made by Adolf Hitler of Germany and Benito Mussolini of Italy, he could avoid a European war.
rivalry after World War II between the Soviet Union and its satellites and the democratic countries of the Western world, under the leadership of the United States.
Rationing
The act of dividing food into equal amounts to last a specific time.
3. Japanese conquered 1 million square miles of territory
a. 150,000 Allied prisoners taken
i. 13,000 US & Filipino prisoners were forced to march
60 miles to prison camps. This is known as the Bataan
Death March
2. Japanese strike throughout the Pacific
a. Philippines
b. Guam
c. Wake Island
d. Burma
e. Hong Kong
f. Malaya
Japan needed the resources.
China engaged in civil war & distracted.
. Germans blitzkrieg Poland on 1 Sept 1939
a. "lightening war"
i. used tanks, planes, trucks & artillery to hit Poland
hard and fast
Phony War or sitzkrieg (sitting war) in the autumn of 1939
3. Spring of 1940 Germany attacks west
a. Belgium
b. Holland
c. Denmark
d. Netherlands
e. Norway
f. France
Fascism is characterized by a strong central government with low individual rights.
. Berlin is surrounded by the Soviet army in April 1945
i. on April 30 Hitler commits suicide
7. German army signs unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945
i. V-E Day!!
. Operation Barbarossa
a. Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union (21 June 1941)
b. used blitzkrieg against Russians with great success
c. Russians retreated deep within Russia to suck the
Germans in and hold them until winter set in.
4. Promised to punish Germany's
enemies
a. Jews
b. communists
The War
Allies pushed off continent at Dunkirk in June 1940
a. 350,000 men escaped to Britain
i. Germany fails to deliver knock-out blow to Allies
5. Summer 1940 Germany launches Battle of Britain, the air campaign to
weaken Britain before the German invasion
i. Germany fails to break Britain
ii. invasion of Britain never happens
Europe
Asia
Victory in Europe
Victory in the Pacific
Lack of Western Response
Britain & France need to avoid war
(memories from WWI)
League of Natoins too weak & ineffective
(US not a member)
Depression made war risky for any nation
US adopts policy of isolationism and does not get
involved with the world's problems
The Germans tried one last attempt to win the war: Battle of the Bulge
i. begun in December 1944
ii. US lines bulged but did not break
iii. Germans cannot recover from these losses
5. Promised to create a newer, stronger Germany
a. created Third Reich which was to last 1000 years
b. all Germans were to be united in this new Reich.