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Clerical Fascism

Anti-Semitism

Peasant Traditionalism and the Romanian New Man

Difference between the institution of the Orthodox Church vs local priest

10th and 11th March 1937 – Patriarch assembled the Orthodox Synod: issuing of two edicts placing ban upon local clergy from joining the Iron Guard or any political party

Battle for the political loyalty of the clergy between Codreanu and the Patriarch after dissolution

Iron Guard and religious symbolism

They promoted the idea that:

‘Rabbinical aggression against the Christian world’

‘Freemasonry, Freudianism, homosexuality, atheism, Marxism, Bolshevism and the Spanish Civil War’

were ‘undermining society’

The Bucharest Pogrom occurred between the 21-23rd January 1941

Juxtapositions -

Old Generation vs. Young Generation

Urbanism vs. Peasant Traditional

Iron Guard - ‘the cult of peasants [were] the embodiment of natural unspoiled man’

Work Camps:

Unity, camaraderie, self-sacrifice

'utopian micro-projections'

"New Romanian Man" = Spiritual

Voting support:

1. Peasants

2. Student

3. Priests

Brief History of Iron Guard

Iron Guard members forming a crucifix

Codreanu in full peasant dress addressing Guardists

The Beginnings of the Iron Guard

The Height of the Iron Guard

The Fall of the Iron Guard

Flag of the Iron Guard

Jewish corpses being disposed of after November 1941 pogroms

Brief History of Inter-war Romania

Was Romanian Fascism successful?

Francophile

Preservation of Greater Romania

"Parliamentary Democracy"

Anti-Western European sentiment

Fact File, Romanian Fascist Movement

Flag of the Kingdom of Romania

Name(s): Iron Guard Movement, (Legion of Archangel Michael, All for the Fatherland)

Leader(s): Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (1927-1938), Horia Sima (1938-1941)

Ideology: Romanian Ultranationalism, Peasant Traditionalism, Clerical Fascism, Anti-Semitism

Membership: December 1937, 272,000

Largest Share of the Vote: 1937 Election - 15.58% of the vote, with 66 Deputies in the Romanian Parliament.

Disbanded: 1941

It was successful...

It wasn't successful...

Romanian Fascism

Bibliography

Bejan, Christina, “The Paradox of the Young Generation in Inter-war Romania”, in Slovo, vol. 18, no. 2, (2006), pp. 115-128

Hitchins, Keith, Rumania 1866-1947, (Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1994).

Leustean, L. (2014). Orthodoxy and the cold war. [Place of publication not identified]: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 51-63

Sandulescu, Valentin, "Sacralised Politics in Action: the February 1937 Burial of the Romanian Legionary Leaders Ion Mota and Vasile Marin", in Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 8, no. 2, (2007), pp. 259-269

Schmitt, Oliver Jens, “Approaching the Social History of Romanian Fascism: The Legionaries of Vâlcea County in the Interwar Period”, in Journal of Comparative Fascist Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, (2014), pp. 117-151

Spicer, K. (2007). Antisemitism, Christian ambivalence, and the Holocaust. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp.137-151.

Tudor, L. (2017). The Romanian Iron Guard: Its Origins, History and Legacy. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/7695200/The_Romanian_Iron_Guard_Its_Origins_History_and_Legacy [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017].

Turda, Marius, “New Perspective on Romanian Fascism: Themes and Options”, in Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 6, no. 1, (2005) pp. 143-150

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