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Difference between the institution of the Orthodox Church vs local priest
10th and 11th March 1937 – Patriarch assembled the Orthodox Synod: issuing of two edicts placing ban upon local clergy from joining the Iron Guard or any political party
Battle for the political loyalty of the clergy between Codreanu and the Patriarch after dissolution
Iron Guard and religious symbolism
They promoted the idea that:
‘Rabbinical aggression against the Christian world’
‘Freemasonry, Freudianism, homosexuality, atheism, Marxism, Bolshevism and the Spanish Civil War’
were ‘undermining society’
The Bucharest Pogrom occurred between the 21-23rd January 1941
Juxtapositions -
Old Generation vs. Young Generation
Urbanism vs. Peasant Traditional
Iron Guard - ‘the cult of peasants [were] the embodiment of natural unspoiled man’
Work Camps:
Unity, camaraderie, self-sacrifice
'utopian micro-projections'
"New Romanian Man" = Spiritual
Voting support:
1. Peasants
2. Student
3. Priests
The Beginnings of the Iron Guard
The Height of the Iron Guard
The Fall of the Iron Guard
Francophile
Preservation of Greater Romania
"Parliamentary Democracy"
Anti-Western European sentiment
Name(s): Iron Guard Movement, (Legion of Archangel Michael, All for the Fatherland)
Leader(s): Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (1927-1938), Horia Sima (1938-1941)
Ideology: Romanian Ultranationalism, Peasant Traditionalism, Clerical Fascism, Anti-Semitism
Membership: December 1937, 272,000
Largest Share of the Vote: 1937 Election - 15.58% of the vote, with 66 Deputies in the Romanian Parliament.
Disbanded: 1941
Bejan, Christina, “The Paradox of the Young Generation in Inter-war Romania”, in Slovo, vol. 18, no. 2, (2006), pp. 115-128
Hitchins, Keith, Rumania 1866-1947, (Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1994).
Leustean, L. (2014). Orthodoxy and the cold war. [Place of publication not identified]: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 51-63
Sandulescu, Valentin, "Sacralised Politics in Action: the February 1937 Burial of the Romanian Legionary Leaders Ion Mota and Vasile Marin", in Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 8, no. 2, (2007), pp. 259-269
Schmitt, Oliver Jens, “Approaching the Social History of Romanian Fascism: The Legionaries of Vâlcea County in the Interwar Period”, in Journal of Comparative Fascist Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, (2014), pp. 117-151
Spicer, K. (2007). Antisemitism, Christian ambivalence, and the Holocaust. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp.137-151.
Tudor, L. (2017). The Romanian Iron Guard: Its Origins, History and Legacy. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/7695200/The_Romanian_Iron_Guard_Its_Origins_History_and_Legacy [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017].
Turda, Marius, “New Perspective on Romanian Fascism: Themes and Options”, in Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 6, no. 1, (2005) pp. 143-150